Lessons 3.1, 3.2A, 3.3 Period 1 Group 7. Lesson 3.1: The Elements A. Abundance of Elements  9 elements account for about 98% of the Earth’s crust, ocean.

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Presentation transcript:

Lessons 3.1, 3.2A, 3.3 Period 1 Group 7

Lesson 3.1: The Elements A. Abundance of Elements  9 elements account for about 98% of the Earth’s crust, ocean and atmosphere  All materials in the universe can be broken down to 100 different elements  All elements have symbols

Lesson 3.1: The Elements What is the symbol for the element lead? Answer: Pb

Lesson 3.1: The Elements These are the some of the abundant elements that are found in Earth. N He C Fe

Lesson 3.1: The Elements B. Names and Symbols for the Elements -each element has a name and a symbol - usually consist of the first two letters of the element name. - the elements are named in different ways - some elements are named after scientists, or where the element was found. - some elements are named by their word origin.

Lesson 3.1: The Elements Example: How are most elements named? Answer: Elements are usually named by their word origin, founder, or places they were found.

Lesson 3.2: Atoms and Compounds Dalton’s atomic theory: -Elements are made up of atoms -all atoms of a element are identical -atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds -atoms are indivisible in chemical processes

Lesson 3.2: Atoms and Compounds Example: What does a given compound always contain? Answer: It contains the same proportions of elements

Lesson 3.2: Atoms and Compounds This is the evolution of atomic theory

3.3 Atomic Structure To learn about the terms: isotope, atomic number and mass number To understand Rutherford’s experiment

3.3 Isotopes Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutron. A particular isotope is represent by the symbol

3.3 Isotopes Ex: what do Z, A and X stand for? -> A stands for the mass number Z stands for the atomic number X stands for the element’s symbol

3.3 Atomic structure Experiments by JJ. Thomson showed that atoms contain electrons Ernest Rutherford showed that atoms have internal structure The nucleus is at the center of the atom Electrons move around the nucleus

What does nucleus contain? -> Nucleus contain proton ( positive charged ) and neutrons ( uncharged)

Ex : Atomic structure of Uranium (U)

References _450.jpg _450.jpg riodic_table.gif riodic_table.gif rojects/ElementWebSites/uranium/properties.htm

Quiz 1. What did the experiments of J.J Thomson show? 2. How many atoms does a microscopic have? 3. What is the law of constant composition? 4. What is Dalton’s atomic theory? 5. What are the charges of neutrons and protons?