Industrialization Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution

Mechanization - The Industrial Revolution was a long, slow, uneven process in which production shifted from simple hand tools to complex machines. People moved from rural to urban Moved between countries and continents People bought goods in stores The Industrial Revolution was made possible by: a second agricultural revolution. a population explosion. the development of new technology.

Causes of Industrial Revolution Causes of Industrial Revolution

Agricultural Revolution

Dutch farmers led the way. They: built levees to reclaim land from the sea. combined smaller fields into larger ones. used fertilizer from livestock to renew the soil. In the 1700s, British farmers expanded on Dutch experiments. They: mixed different kinds of soils to get higher crop yields. tried new methods of crop rotation. grew turnips, which restored exhausted soil. invented the seed drill. Meanwhile, rich landowners pushed ahead with enclosure, the process of taking over and fencing off land formerly shared by peasant farmers. As millions of acres were enclosed, farm output rose.

Tull is considered the first modern farmer because he is the inventor of a device called the seed drill. Jethro Tull

Tull’s innovation led to a new Agricultural Revolution. This revolution changed food production greatly –Cheaper and more efficient –Less workers needed –Cheaper food meant more extra income Why Then?

River Transportation, Waterwheels and Windmills

As production increased, entrepreneurs needed faster and cheaper methods of moving goods from place to place. Canals and Rivers provided means of transporting goods overland to the nearest port. At the port, goods could be shipped overseas.

Waterwheels and Windmills Waterwheels: –Convert water into power. Windmills: –Windmills convert wind into power.

Towns and Trading Cities Develop Machines were powered by water. England’s first major demographic shift took place, as workers moved to mill towns all along England’s many rivers to find work. The workers brought their families with them and soon these small towns were growing in size.