The 17th Century The Period of Revolution and Restoration John Donne John Milton John Bunyan John Dryden

The Stuart dynasty James I ( ) Charles I ( ) the outbreak of the Civil War/Bourgeois Revolution between royal court & parliament between aristocrats & middle class beheading Charles I

Charles II ( ) Restoration James II ( ) Mary II and William of Orange ( , -1702) Glorious/Bloodless Revolution

The 17th Century English Literature Early 17th Century: --John Donne Metaphysical School 玄学派 Bourgeois Revolution: --John Milton (poetry) “ Paradise Lost ” --John Bunyan (Prose) “ The Pilgrim ’ s Progress ” The Restoration: --John Dryden (literary critic)

John Milton Paradise Lost Great Epic since Beowulf Paradise Regained Samson Agonistes Milton towers his age Shakespeare — the Elizabethan age Chaucer — the medieval age

Paradise Lost In this epic, John Milton adopted a new written style of poem- blank verse. ( 无韵诗 ) 1) no rhyme/rhymeless 2) Rhythm — iambic pentameter ( 抑扬格五 音部 ) William Shakespeare — dramatic blank verse John Milton — non-dramatic blank verse

Paradise Lost-- story The stories were taken from the Old Testament. The poem concerns the Christian story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden.

Archetype of Apple Tree: Forbidden fruit/ knowledge; Archetype of Frailty: “ Frailty, thy name is woman ” ; women the root of corruption or degeneration; human nature: curiosity, rebellion, pride

The image of Satan Satan is the real hero of the poem. Firm, courageous, persistent To Milton, the proud and sombre Satan represented the spirit of rebellion against an unjust authority.

John Bunyan He was a poor, uneducated tinker. The only great allegory The Pilgrim ’ s Progress It is an allegory, a narrative in which general concepts such as sin, despair, and faith are represented as people or as aspects of the natural world.

 The Pilgrim ’ s Progress (1678): religious allegory -Every Christian has to take in his inner heart a journey in order to be saved. -rich metaphors - journey --- life - Vanity Fair --- Everyone has a vanity fair in his heart and has ever sold something there.

The Pilgrim ’ s Progress It begins with a dream. A man called Christian carrying a bag of sins on his back and reading the Bible.

John Bunyan in Bedford jail. "As I slept, I dreamed a dream."

Christian tells his wife and children of his distress. "At length he brake his mind to his wife and children."

Christian before the Cross. "His burden fell off his back, and began to tumble."

Analysis The basis of the allegorical narrative is the idea of a journey. The traveler ’ s name is Christian, and he represents every Christian in human world. The figures and places Christian encounters on his journey stand for the various experiences every Christian must go through in the quest for salvation.

The best-known section of Part One in this book is the Vanity Fair. On the Vanity fair, honors, titles, kingdoms, lusts, pleasures and lives can be sold or bought, and cheating, roguery, murder and adultery are normal phenomena.

Bunyan ’ s influences Accelerated the maturity of prose, paved the way for Jonathan Swift and Daniel Defoe Progress — the road of life Record of a Journey to the West The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

allegory a story which teaches a lesson because the people and places in it stand for other ideas. an example is John Bunyan ’ s pilgrim ’ s progress

John Dryden The last quarter of the 17th century is the “ Age of Dryden ” An Essay of Dramatic Poesy (prose composition)