Session 10: The Science Policy Interface Discussion Looking ahead – building on 20 years of GEF investments in IW to strengthen the science-policy interface Jakob Granit International Waters Panel Member, GEF Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) Centre Director Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)

GEF 5 IW goal “…the promotion of collective management for transboundary water systems and subsequent implementation of the full range of policy, legal, and institutional reforms and investments contributing to sustainable use and maintenance of ecosystem services.”

Issues related to the provision of IW regional & global public goods 80% of the world’s population is exposed to “high levels of threat to human water security” Human impact on marine ecosystems - ”virtually no marine area is unaffected” Dead zones in coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s (Diaz & Rosenberg, 2008) (Robert J. Diaz & Rutger Rosenberg, 2008) Vörösmarty et.al., 2010 Halpern et al, 2008

Policy, governance, collective action “Failures and poor performance in ecosystem management lie primarily in the realm of governance, not in science knowledge” Quote: Stephen Olsen, 2012

From a “Government World” National Governments Private Sector Civil Society Social Contract Negotiations

To a “Governance World” Political System Government Economic System Business Social System Community-Based Organizations Environmental System

To a Network-Centric World NGO CSO Business Gvt. IGO

Parallel globalization and regionalization trends Economic mass is highly concentrated in regions/markets that are integrated Based on WDR 2009, World Bank

Outcomes/benefits from cooperation matter to riparian states - driver for collective action Water security: “the provision of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods, ecosystems and production” (Grey and Sadoff 2007) Energy security: ”the uninterrupted physical availability [of energy] at a price which is affordable, while respecting environment concerns” (IEA 2011) Food Security “when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life” (World Food Summit 1996, WHO) Ecosystem goods and services underpin the generation of these outcomes/benefits (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005) FoodEnergyWater NEXUS

Conclusion: Increase the role of social sciences in GEF interventions to support policy choice for collective action 1.IW management principles & tools have been promoted universally by the IW community – are they effective today? – The political, economical and social context is rapidly changing at all levels – E.g. link to spatial planning processes at national and regional levels 2.Can an outcome driven approach promote political will & generate incentives to support collective action? – Food, energy, water for industry & WSS, including flood & drought management, job creation – Complement the ecosystem approach 3.Should IW water governance and management link more strongly to the emerging broader regional political and economic frameworks and institutions? – Trade, share, compensate for benefits generated and ecosystem goods and services in a market – Scientific work on options to reduce risks and barriers to cooperation – Avoid free riding at all costs