Blood and Blood Typing

Fact or Fiction The average human body contains 10 liters of blood False, it contains 5 liters of blood (equal to 1.3 gallons) The amount of exercise someone gets accounts for varying levels of RBC’s in individuals True, the body needs more oxygen as it works Men have more RBC’s per microliter of blood than females True, in general men have a bigger body mass when compared to women Blood is purple until it is exposed to oxygen and then it turns red False, blood is always red regardless of oxygen exposure

Functions of Blood Transportation Regulation Protection E.x. Transports: O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones Regulates: Ph level, body temp, Protects: blood clots, WBC’s,

Components of Blood Cells Blood Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Blood Plasma Plasma (mostly water)

Components of Blood

Formation of Blood Cells (AKA hemopoiesis) Occurs in: Red bone marrow Trabeculae (spongy bone) Did you know . . . Blood formation began in the yolk sac! Why you ask? Occurs first in the yolk sac of an embryo, then later in the liver, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes of fetus Embryos don’t have bones!!

Hemoblast Can develop into many different types of cells

Red Blood Cells (AKA Erythrocyte) Carry oxygen O2 binds to hemoglobin # varies b/w people Hemoglobin give RBC their red color Biconcave shape = More surface area allows for diffusion of Co2 and O2 People vary in the amount of exercise they do (or don’t do). More exercise requires more oxygen, which causes the body to make more red blood cells. Biconcave shape

Oxygen Levels Oxygenated Bright red Deoxygenated Dark red T or F Blood is purple until it reacts with oxygen and then it turns red. FALSE!!!! Your blood is always red. It’s a brighter shade of red when it is “full” of oxygen.

Oxygenated blood vs Deoxygenated blood The blood on the left is oxygenated, the right is deoxygenated blood (from a vein)

Red Blood Cell Life Cycle Average lifespan 120 days Rupture (die) when passing through capillaries

Red Blood Cell Life Cycle Hemoglobin breaks down Iron (heme) Amino acids (globin) Non-heme part of iron broken down into Biliverdin Iron (heme part) is reused, Amino acids (globin part) used to synthesize other proteins

Why is your poo brown? Eventually biliverdin is converted into Urobilin (yellow) Urine Stercobilin (pigment) Feces (poo)

Why are certain vitamins so important? They are needed to synthesize hemoglobin B12 Folic acid Help absorb iron Vitamin C

Anemia Not enough RBC’s in blood

Erythropoiesis Hypoxia Formation of RBC’s Disruption in balance causes hypoxia Causes more RBC’s to be made More EPO is released Hypoxia = prolonged oxygen deficiency Hypoxia

Erythropoietin (EPO) Hormone made by kidneys It Stimulates RBC production More RBC’s = more O2 sent to tissues https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7KZxIR1t-o

Hemostasis Sequence of events that occur to stop bleeding Involves Coagulation (thickening of blood) Clotting of blood Coagulation is the thickening of blood

Three Events in Hemostasis Vascular Spasm Platelet plug formation Blood Clotting (coagulation) Blood vessel can spasm for hours or minutes Platelets send chemical message to enhance constriction

Blood Clot Story Board

Hemostasis Analysis __________ is a series of chemical reaction which ultimately form fibrin threads. During _____________ there is a reduction in blood loss. During _____________ platelets stick together. During _____________ clotting factors which continually “morph” until fibrin is formed and bleeding stops. During ______________ the reduction in blood loss is due to the constriction of blood vessels. During _____________ a chemical is secreted and more platelets are called to the injury site where they “stick around”.

Platelets (AKA Thrombocytes) Involved in clotting stick to blood vessels

WBC Life Span Live for days or hours Die off faster during infection Why? Why do WBC’s have a nucleus? To distinguish between foreign cells Direct activity Die off faster during infection because the are working harder

White Blood Cells AKA Leukocytes Function to protect the body Five different types Granulocytes (Granules in cytoplasm) Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Agranulocytes (no granules) Monocytes Lymphocytes

Neutrophil First to respond to infection Active phagocytes Destroy invaders by releasing enzymes Present in pus of wounds 60% of WBC

Monocyte Migrate into infected tissues Become macrophages Destroy invaders and clean up cellular debris

Eosinophils Have enzymes that combat against allergic reactions Mainly attack parasites Ex. Worms What does a high count mean? Allergic reaction Or Parasitic infection

Basophils Involved in inflammatory response Liberate histamine and heparin

Lymphocytes B cells Develop into plasma cells Produce antibodies Destroy bacteria and their toxins

Lymphocytes T Cells Attack Viruses Fungi Transplanted cells Cancer cells Some bacteria

Lymphocytes Natural Killer cells (NK) Attack Variety of microbes Tumor cells

Blood Concept Map Terms Protect/transport/regulate RBC’s Hemoglobin Erythropoiesis Oxygen Homeostasis Leukocytes Bone Marrow Nucleus Spleen Biconcave disk Water Plasma

Blood Concept Map Terms Albumins Antibodies Eosinophils Defend against disease Globulins Hemostasis Inflammatory Reaction Monocyte Platelets Phagocyte

Brainpop What are the two components to your blood type? What is hemolysis? What is the Rh factor? What is the most common blood type in Americans? What is the least common blood type in Americans?

ABO Blood Groups What are the four blood types? A B AB O

Blood Type Antigens Antibodies On surface of RBC Type of antigen on RBC will determine blood type E.x Antibodies In plasma Non-matching antibody found in plasma E.x.

Rh Factor Makes blood type either + or – Rh+ Rh- Rh antigen present No Rh antigen

Blood Typing

Agglutination Occurs when matching antibodies and antigens bind What happens if that occurs in a RBC?

When does the Rh factor effect blood compatibility? When a ________ type mixes with a _________ Most common in _________ Why is this dangerous? negative positive Pregnant women

ABO Blood Types Chart Blood Type Antigen on RBC Antibody in Plasma A B

Compatibility of blood types Why can’t a person with AB blood donate blood to a person with type O blood? Because the A antigen and B antigen will not be recognized by recipients body (O person). Antibodies will be made by his/her body to destroy the foreign A and B antigens. Can a person with a positive blood type donate to a person with a negative blood type? Why or why not? No, the RH antigen will not be recognized by the negative blood and antibodies will be produced to kill the foreign invader (positive blood)