Hasmukh Goswami College Of Engineering SOIL MECHANICS (2150609) “COMPACTION” SUBMITTED BY:- No. Full_Name Enroll_No. 1. ANAGHAN SHANI 130240106002 2. LAKKAD SAGAR 130240106039 3. NAVADIYA KRRISH 130240106048 4. PARMAR ANKIT 130240106056 - INTERNAL GUIDES DEVANSHI PATEL Hasmukh Goswami College Of Engineering

INDEX:- No. NAME 1. Introduction – compaction and consolidation 2. Principles of Compaction 3. Compaction curve 4. Effect of compaction on soil properties 5. M.D.C. AND O.M.C. 6. Zero air void line or saturation line 7. Laboratory compaction tests 8. Factors affecting compaction 9. Methods of field compaction

INTRODUCTION:- What is Compaction : When loose soils are applied to a construction site, compressive mechanical  energy is applied to the soil using special equipment to density the soil or reduce the void ratio. The compaction process may be accomplished by rolling, tamping or vibration. What is Consolidation: When a Static loads are applied to saturated soils, and over a period of time the increased stresses are transferred to the soil skeleton, leading to a reduction in void ratio. Depending on the permeability of the soil and the magnitude of the drainage distance, this can be a very time-consuming process.

Principles of Compaction:- Compaction of soils is achieved by reducing the volume of voids. It is assumed that the compaction process does not decrease the volume of the solids or soil grains· Compaction Consolidation Compaction means the removal of air- filled porosity. Consolidation means the removal of water-filled porosity.

Compaction curve:-   Compaction curve is plotted between the water content as abscissa And the dry density as ordinate. It is observed that the dry density increases with an increase in water content till the max. density is attained. With Further increase in water content, the dry density decreases. MDD Compaction curve Dry density OMD Dry side Wet side Water content%

Effect of compaction on soil properties:- 1. Soil structure: -Type of soil -Water content -Type and amount of compaction flocculated dispersed High compactive effort curve Dry density dispersed low compactive effort curve flocculated Water content%

Effect of compaction on soil properties:- 2. Permeability 3. Shrinkage selling 4. Pore water pressure 5. Compressibility 6. Swelling 7. Stress-strain relationship Dry side Deviator stress Wet side Axial strain STRESS – STRAIN CURVE

The shear strength of compacted clays deepened upon -Dry density -Water content -Soil structure -Methods of compaction -drainage condition -Type of soil Dry side Deviator stress(τ) Wet side Normal strain(σ)

M.D.C. AND O.M.C. :- Optimum moisture content (OMC) : with increase in water content, initially the dry density increases, and becomes maximum with further increase in water Content, the dry density decrease. The water content at which Dry density is maximum is called optimum moisture content. Maximum dry density (MDD) : The dry density corresponding to optimum moisture content is called maximum dry density

Zero air void line or saturation line :-  

Laboratory compaction tests :- Standard proctor test (AASHO test) Modified proctor test (modified ASSHO test) I.S. compaction test Harvard miniature compaction test Dietert test Abbot compaction test Jodhpur mini-compactor test

Factors affecting compaction :- Water content Amount of compaction Type of soil Method of compaction Thickness of layer Saturation line Admixtures Stone content

Methods of field compaction :- 1.Rolling 2.Ramming 3.Vibrations 1.Rolling:- Factors: -contact pressure -number of passes (normally 5 to 15) -layer thickness (less than 15cm) -speed of roller Types: -Smooth wheel rollers -Pneumatic tired rollers -Sheep foot rollers -Track laying vehicles

2.Ramming : A hand operated rammer consists of a block of iron, about 3 to 5kgIn mass, attached to a wooden rod. The rammer is Lifted about .30m and dropped on the soil to be compacted. 3.Vibrations : In vibratory compactors, vibrations are include in soli during Compaction. The compactors are available in a variety of forms. When the vibrator is mounted on a drum, it is called a vibratory roller.

THANK you By Anaghan Shani LAKKAD SAGAR NAVADIYA KRRISH PARMAR ANKIT