Building an Empire

Imperialism Imperialism- Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations – economically, politically or militarily. (Expansionism) Imperialism- Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations – economically, politically or militarily. (Expansionism)

Justification of Imperialism Social Darwinism – the nation ’ s with the best technology will survive Social Darwinism – the nation ’ s with the best technology will survive ‘ White Man ’ s Burden ’ - wealthy “ advanced ” nations have a duty to civilize and Christianize “ backward ” people ‘ White Man ’ s Burden ’ - wealthy “ advanced ” nations have a duty to civilize and Christianize “ backward ” people Achieve Military and Political “ Glory ” Achieve Military and Political “ Glory ”

Reasons For Imperialism Raw materials Raw materials New markets New markets Investments Investments Navy bases Navy bases Citizens are encouraging expansion Citizens are encouraging expansion

Hawaii By the 1890 ’ s populated with U.S. planters and missionaries. At the request of U.S. citizens, U.S. Marines overthrow Queen Lili (Liliuokalani). She fails to restore Hawaiian control.

Alaska Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska for $7 million from Russia Seward ’ s Folly Seward ’ s icebox

Causes of Spanish American War Yellow journalism- Hearst and Pulitzer encourage the war with news stories In 1895 Cubans revolt against harsh conditions especially on sugar plantations. Spanish move Cubans into prison camps. DeLome letter – insults Pres. McKinley (weak)

Jose Marti Cuban Insurrection - supported by the working and middle classes - Fighting for independence like the US did against England -Spanish answer: concentration camps

Yellow (from the Yellow Kid comic strip) Journalism  Using exaggeration to influence public opinion Joseph Pulitzer W.R. Hearst VS

love, de Lome Spanish Ambassador to the United States, Enrique Dupuy de Lôme Dear Spain, McKinley is a wimp! How dare you criticize our President, only we can do that!

` Spanish American War The Maine explodes The Maine explodes Havana Harbor 260 U.S. sailors killed Havana Harbor 260 U.S. sailors killed “ Remember the Maine and kill Spain ” “ Remember the Maine and kill Spain ” T.R. & the Rough Riders in Cuba T.R. & the Rough Riders in Cuba John Hay,Sec of State - “ The Splendid little War ” John Hay,Sec of State - “ The Splendid little War ” Manila Bay in the Philippines taken by Adm. Dewey Manila Bay in the Philippines taken by Adm. Dewey

The Cuban Invasion U.S. troops were ill prepared and ill equipped. Many chartered boats on their own in order to get to Cuba.

Rough Riders He took them to Cuba and won a decisive battle. (kinda) Roosevelt resigned his job with the Navy to start a cavalry unit. Roosevelt resigned his job with the Navy to start a cavalry unit.

Results of Spanish American War Teller Amendment – 1898 U.S. will not control Cuba Teller Amendment – 1898 U.S. will not control Cuba Cuba becomes a ‘ protectorate ’ Cuba becomes a ‘ protectorate ’ A new constitution is written includes: A new constitution is written includes: Platt amendment – Platt amendment – US has the right to send/return troops (military intervention) Cuba can not make agreements with foreign countries endangering its independence US gets Guantanamo Bay

Treaty of Paris 1. Cuba became an independent country. (Because of the Platt Amendment) 2. The U.S. got Puerto Rico and Guam. (We took them too) 3. The U.S. paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines.

Philippines Emilio Aquinaldo – leader of the Philippines independence movement Emilio Aquinaldo – leader of the Philippines independence movement Insurrection: Aquinaldo had been supported by the U.S. against Spain now rebels against the USA. Insurrection: Aquinaldo had been supported by the U.S. against Spain now rebels against the USA. 3 years to end the insurrection 3 years to end the insurrection Philippines under U.S. control until 1946 Philippines under U.S. control until 1946

U.S. as a World Power China 1899 Sec of State John Hay asks for an “ Open Door Policy ” access for all countries to trade in China China 1899 Sec of State John Hay asks for an “ Open Door Policy ” access for all countries to trade in China 1900 U.S. sends troops to put down Boxer Rebellion 1900 U.S. sends troops to put down Boxer Rebellion Asia 1905 TR mediates treaty to end the Russian Japanese War – TR wins a Nobel Peace Prize Asia 1905 TR mediates treaty to end the Russian Japanese War – TR wins a Nobel Peace Prize Great White Fleet – TR sends 16 battleships around the world as a sign of power and force Great White Fleet – TR sends 16 battleships around the world as a sign of power and force

Monroe Doctrine Europe can’t interfere with current states or territories in the Americas. Europe can’t create any new territories in the Americas. The U.S. will stay out of European affairs if Europe stays out of the Americas’ affairs.

Roosevelt Corollary An addition to the Monroe Doctrine An addition to the Monroe Doctrine TR tells Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere – U.S. will be the police force & will aid Latin American countries if trouble TR tells Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere – U.S. will be the police force & will aid Latin American countries if trouble “ Walk softly and carry a Big Stick ” “ Walk softly and carry a Big Stick ” Seen as a bully by Latin America Seen as a bully by Latin America

Panama Canal 1901 U.S. takes over French program to build the canal 1901 U.S. takes over French program to build the canal Walter Reed: yellow fever from mosquitoes Walter Reed: yellow fever from mosquitoes 1914 the canal is completed 1914 the canal is completed Costs $400 million plus $25 million for and $250,000 per year to rent Costs $400 million plus $25 million for and $250,000 per year to rent 1999 Panama Canal returned to Panama- treaty made by Pres. Carter 1999 Panama Canal returned to Panama- treaty made by Pres. Carter

Dollar Diplomacy President Taft uses diplomatic efforts to encourage and protect American investments in foreign countries President Taft uses diplomatic efforts to encourage and protect American investments in foreign countries

Wilson continues Imperialism Sends troops to Haiti in 1915 – an American Protectorate Sends troops to Haiti in 1915 – an American Protectorate Purchases the Virgin Islands in 1917 from Denmark Purchases the Virgin Islands in 1917 from Denmark

Key People for Expansion Teddy Roosevelt – Teddy Roosevelt – Assistant secretary of the Navy – orders Dewey to attack the Philippines Assistant secretary of the Navy – orders Dewey to attack the Philippines Fought in the Spanish American War Fought in the Spanish American War Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders Henry Cabot Lodge & Alfred Beveridge Henry Cabot Lodge & Alfred Beveridge Pro imperialist senators Pro imperialist senators Alfred Mahan Alfred Mahan Author who promotes the idea that a strong navy is key to being a powerful nation Author who promotes the idea that a strong navy is key to being a powerful nation