The BIG idea: All living things are made up of cells Key Concepts: 1.1: The cell is the basic unit of living things 1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell 1.3: Different cells perform various functions *** TAKE NOTES!!!***

How organisms are classified into three domains Specialization in multicellular organisms How cells, tissues, and organs are organized

1) What advantages and disadvantages does a light microscope have in comparison with an electron microscope? -A light microscope can view live specimens but can only magnify 1000x 2) What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell? -Eukaryotic has DNA in nucleus. Prokaryotic has DNA throughout the cytoplasm 3) What organelles can be said to act like an assembly line within a cell? -The Endoplasmic reticulum uses materials from ribosomes to make proteins and cell membrane parts. Vesicles take those materials to the Golgi apparatus, which finishes processing them.

 A cell with no nucleus?  Prokaryotic  A cell with a cell wall and a nucleus?  Plant Cell  A device for viewing microorganisms?  Microscope

 Roots vs Leaves  The color of the roots are white and brown, the leaves are green.  Leaves contain chloroplasts, a chemical that gives them their green color, and can produce sugar.

 2-3 million bacteria living on each cm 2 of your skin!  Most organisms on Earth are single celled.  Unicellular organisms were recently found in the least expected place – in very extreme conditions.

 Archaea ◦ Found in the deep ocean’s thermal vents – extreme heat and no oxygen, salty waters of Great Salt Lake, and in hot sulfur springs of Yellowstone Park

 First known as archaebacteria: ”ancient bacteria”  Many of these organisms are found in ancient Earth-like environments (similar to hydrothermal vents)  Archaea are genetically different from bacteria  Both unicellular organisms made of prokaryotic cells  Cytoplasm contains ribosomes but no organelles – simple!  Tough cell wall

 Nucleus!  Almost all multicellular organisms  Many unicellular organisms: protist (ameoba, paramecium, euglena)  For most Eukaryotes, no single cell can survive on its own

 Specific cells perform specific functions  Blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells (neuron), etc  Plant cells for photosynthesis, draining water from soil, supporting plant’s weight

 Cell City!  They way cells work together and interact depend on the organism - organization  Simple sponge: certain cells take in food, other digest it; regeneration

 More advanced: cells specialize AND group: tissues ◦ Organized to do a specific job ◦ Hand: can see top layer of tissue  Tissue working together to perform a particular function: organ ◦ Eye (to see) ◦ Leaf: provides energy and materials: has tissue that uses Sun’s energy to make sugar, and tissue moving sugar to other parts of the plant

 All work together  Organs working together to form: organ systems  Plants: roots, stems, leaves  Humans: 11 organ systems, of 40 organs and 200 types of tissues. ◦ Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs (eyes and ears)  Specialized cells make up tissue ◦ Tissues act together to form an organ ◦ Different organs serve a common function (like digestion)

Highest level of organization

 Please sketch both an animal cell and a plant cell, including the organelles listed in on the cells alive website. Be sure to label your diagram, and include a scale for reference. This should be a “biological drawing”, meaning: ◦ 1. Use unlined paper. ◦ 2. Always use a pencil (for this colored pencils are okay). ◦ 3. Print all words. ◦ 4. All labels written horizontally. ◦ 5. Center the title at the top of the diagram and print in all capital letters.

 To write a number in scientific notation:  Put the decimal after the first digit and drop the zeroes.  In the number 123,000,000,000 The coefficient will be 1.23  To find the exponent count the number of places from the decimal to the end of the number.  In 123,000,000,000 there are 11 places. Therefore we write 123,000,000,000 as: 

1) An oxygen atom measure 14/100,000,000,000 of a meter across. Write the width of the oxygen atom in standard form as a decimal number ) Write the width of the oxygen atoms in scientific notation 1.4 x m

3) A chloroplast measure 5 millionths of a meter across. Write its width in standard form and in scientific notation 4)A redwood tree stands 100 meter tall. There are 1000 millimeters in a meter. Express the height of the redwood tree in millimeters. Write the number in scientific notation. 5) A typical plant cell measures 1 millionth of a meter in width. Express the width in standard form and in scientific notation