EAG 345 – GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS By: Dr Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail

Basic description of the course:  3 units  60 % examination; 40 % course work  40 % course work - Test (10%) - Assignment (20%) - Quiz (10%)

Objective of the course: To ensure the students are able to explain the soil mechanics aspect in solving problems related to:  Shear strength of soil  Site investigation  Slope stability  Passive and active earth pressure  Retaining wall  Shallow and deep foundation

Course outcome: 1.Able to explain the theories related to the geotechnical analysis 2.Able to analyze, calculate and solve problem in geotechnical analysis 3.Able to relate and discuss the theories related to the geotechnical analysis.

Attendance:  Less than 20% will be barred from taking final examination.  Need to pass both of the course components (i) coursework and (ii) examination Time table: Monday: 9.00 – am (DK5) Wednesday: 9.00 – am (DK8) 14 and 21 September classes cancelled and replaced to 19/9 and 26/9 Monday: 8.30 – pm (BK1)

Rules and regulations in class:  Come to class on time.  Attend to personal needs before coming to class.  Do not eat in class unless you have been given special permission (can drink! No problem).  Bring required materials every day unless you are otherwise directed.  Talk only when permitted or necessary.  Use polite words and body language when asking questions.  Do not cheat during quiz, assignment, test and examination.

Reference: 1.Budhu, M. (2010). Soil Mechanics and Foundations (3 ed.): Wiley. 2.Das, B. M. (2010). Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering (3 ed.): CL- Engineering. 3.Das, B. M. (2009). Principles of Geotechnical Engineering (7 ed.): CL-Engineering. 4.Craig, R. F. (2004). Craig's Soil Mechanics (7 ed.): Spon Press. 5.Mitchell, J. K., and Soga, K. (2005). Fundamentals of Soil Behavior (3 ed.): Wiley. 6.Terzaghi, K., Peck, R. B., and Mesri, G. (1996). Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice (3 ed.): Wiley-Interscience. 7.Duncan, J. M., and Wright, S. G. (2005). Soil Strength and Slope Stability (1 ed.): Wiley. 8.Das, B. M. (2010). Principles of Foundation Engineering (7 ed.): CL-Engineering. 9.Waltham, T. (2002). Foundations of Engineering Geology (2 ed.): Spon Press. 10.Dunnicliff, J. (2008). Geotechnical Instrumentation for Monitoring Field Performance (1 ed.): Wiley-Interscience. 11.Holtz, R. D., and Kovacs, W. D. (2010). An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering (2 ed.): Prentice Hall.

Teaching plan : 1.Dr Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail (P) – 6 weeks 2.Prof. Dr. Nor Azazi Zakaria – 4 weeks 3.Assoc. Prof. Dr Razip Selamat – 4 weeks

WeekDateSub topicsLecturer 112/9 – 16/9 (1) SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL Introduction to shear strength of soil; Typical response of soils to shearing force; Mohr- coulomb failure criterion and failure envelope, Mohr's circle; Determination of shear strength parameters of soils form field and laboratory tests. MAI 219/9 – 23/9 326/9 – 30/9 43/10 – 7/10 510/10 – 14/10 (2) SITE INVESTIGATION (3) SHALLOW AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS SYSTEMNAZ 617/10 – 21/10 724/10 – 28/10 831/10 – 4/11 95/11 – 13/11Semester break (Aidiladha) 1014/11 – 18/11 (4) SLOPE STABILITY Types and causes of slope failure; infinite slopes; 2-D slope stability analysis; Slope factor of safety; 2 days seminar of slope stability analysis using GEO-Studio (Slope-W, Seep W and Sigma-W); Guest lecture from Slope Engineering Branch, JKR or PLUS MAI 1121/11 – 25/ /11 – 2/12 (5 ) PASSIVE AND ACTIVE PRESSURE; (6) RETAINING WALLMRS 135/12 – 9/ /12 – 16/ /12 – 23/ /12-2/1Study week 172/1 – 12/1Exam week

Quiz 1: In a piece of paper give the definitions for the terminology as listed below:  Unit weight  Liquid limit  Liquidity index  Optimum water content (OMC)  Hydraulic conductivity

Answer for Quiz 1:  Unit weight – the weight density (weight divided by volume)  Liquid limit – the water content at which a soil changes consistency from a plastic state to a liquid state  Liquidity index – A index quantifying the current state (water content) of a soil relative to the liquid and plastic limits  Optimum water content (OMC) – The water content attained by a soil at a maximum dry unit weight in a proctor compaction test  Hydraulic conductivity – the rate of flow of fluid through soils

Assignment 1: In a group of 5 or 6 ( 1 Malaysia) list down all the terms together with the definition (brief and straightforward) that you think important in the listed chapter below: 1.Origin of soil and grain size 2.Weight volume relationship 3.Plasticity and structure of soil 4.Classification of soil 5.Soil compaction 6.Permeability and seepage 7.In-situ stresses 8.Compressibility of soil (consolidation and etc.) Due date: 3 October 2011 before 5.00 pm

Index properties Mechanical and hydraulic properties Numerical modeling Site investigation Laboratory test In-situ field test Laboratory test Design and analysis evaluation Design a flow chart that best represent the flow/process involved in the geotechnical engineering (from desk study until the evaluation after construction) and highlighted the whereabouts of the shear strength soil component in the whole process ? Due date: 12 December 2011 before 5.00 pm Format of submission: Microsoft Visio Format and hard copy in A3 size Assignment 2:

Laboratory experiment: (EAA 305)  Proctor Test  Sieve analysis and Atterberg limit test  Permeability and field density test EAA 305 briefing: Date: 15 September 2011 (Thursday) Time: 3.00 pm after jamuan raya Venue: BK1 PPKA Attendance: Compulsory (will be deduct 5 marks from first laboratory test for those who are not coming without any acceptable reason)

SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOILS

Objectives: You will learn:  How to determine the shear strength of soils  Understands the differences between drained and undrained shear strength  Determine the type of shear test that best simulates field conditions  How to interpret laboratory and field test results to obtain shear strength parameters.  Important of Shear Strength for geotechnical engineering application

(i) Shear failure of soils

Would you like this to happen?  The failure occurs because the shear strength of the soil is exceeded.  We need to determine the soil’s shear strength and design the slope so that the shear stress imposed is not greater than the shear strength of the soil.

Strength of different materials Steel Tensile strength Concrete Compressive strength Soil Shear strength Presence of pore water Complex behavior

Load Strength of different construction materials Steel Concrete Soil/Rock Example of material involved in the construction of suspension bridge: I.Steel = suspension cable II.Concrete = road deck III.Soil/Rock = foundation

Virtually all the Civil Engineering projects come into contact with soil either on soil, in soil or made off soil. For example: Foundation Slope Tunnel Slope Foundation Unfortunately soil is not man made such as concrete or steel. Its undergone natural processes which make it a complex and heterogeneous materials which feature a wide range of mechanical/hydraulic behaviors Strength of soil

Embankment Strip footing Shear failure of soils Soils generally fail in shear At failure, shear stress along the failure surface (mobilized shear resistance) reaches the shear strength. Failure surface Mobilized shear resistance

Embankment Failure Shear failure of soils - Embankment

Retaining wall Shear failure of soils Soils generally fail in shear

Retaining wall Shear failure of soils At failure, shear stress along the failure surface (mobilized shear resistance) reaches the shear strength. Failure surface Mobilized shear resistance Soils generally fail in shear

Shear failure of soils – Retaining wall

Shear failure mechanism The soil grains slide over each other along the failure surface. No crushing of individual grains. failure surface

Shear failure mechanism At failure, shear stress along the failure surface (  ) reaches the shear strength (  f ).      