CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-1

___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to trap energy from __________ and make ______________

In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ in a process called ___________________ What kind of organisms do this?

________ (Including _______) ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY! What kind of organisms do this? __________________

We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants. How do we get the sugar from the plants? Image from: REMEMBER! _______________ get their energy by eating other organisms.

We get our energy from the __________ plants made during _______________ when we eat plants or eat animals that ate the plants. In this chapter we will learn how ______________ get their energy by consuming other organisms. Image from:

REMEMBER CELL BIO

Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane surrounding mitochondria = ______________________ Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ Image from:

MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant Surrounded by ___________ membrane Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called _______________ ) Space between inner membrane & outer membrane = ____________________ Space inside cristae folds = _________________

Heterotrophs use ________________ to release energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ Image by Riedell Image from:

CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________. If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS ___________ + _________ + ___________ → _______________ + __________ 6 CO 2 6 H 2 OC 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 _____________ + _________ → ________ + __________ + __________ ______________________________________________________________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION The two equations are exact

UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY Unit for measuring energy in food = _______________ Image from:

________ + _________ → ____________ Remember from Photosynthesis? High energy electron carrier = ___________ Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons. _______ & ________ NAD + ________ + _________ → ____________ FAD

See glycolysis movie The first step in cellular respiration = __________________ Glycolysis happens in the ________________ outside the mitochondria

Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ ) Glycolysis ____________________________ BUT it needs some ____________to get it started. What molecule do you think is going to supply the energy do this? REQUIRE OXYGEN ____

___________ → ___ _____________ + Energy from _____________ bond charges up high energy ___________ GLYCOLYSIS _______ ATP NADH NADH

PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________) IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________)

PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN 2 kinds of fermentation ___________________ & _____________________ ANAEROBIC

_______ + _____ → __________ + ______ + _____ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise CO 2 bubbles make _____________ in bread Alcohol _______________ during cooking

_______ + _____ → __________ + ______ + _____ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Happens when ___________ make _______ or ____________ make ______

_______ + _____ → ______________ + ________ LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough. Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness

_______ + _____ → ______________ + ________ LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Happens when bacteria are used to make foods and beverages like: __________________________ yogurt, cheese, buttermilk, & sour cream, pickles, saurkraut, and kimchi

WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full. Eventually glycolysis will WHY DO FERMENTATION? WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS? builds up NAD +

_______ + _____ → __________ + ______ + _____ FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can regenerate the _________ needed to keep glycolysis going PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL → CO 2 NAD+ LACTIC ACID → You get the NAD + carriers back ______