Chapter Fourteen Managing Your Fertility

Birth Control vs. Contraception Birth control refers to all procedures Contraception procedures are used to decrease chances of fertilization of an ovum

Selecting Your Contraception Method Safety Effectiveness Reliability Affordability Ease of use Interference with sexual expression

Current Birth Control Methods Method Theoretical Effectiveness No method15% Withdrawal96% Periodic abstinence91-99% Cervical cap91% Spermicide94% Diaphragm with spermicide94% Male condom97% Male condom with spermicide99% Female condom95%

Current Birth Control Methods (cont’d) Method Theoretical Effectiveness IUD, copper / progestin99%+ / 98% Combined pill99%+ Minipill99%+ Depo-Provera (3 month)99%+ Lunelle (1 month)99%+ Subdermal implants99%+ Tubal ligation99%+ Vasectomy99%+

Periodic Abstinence

Vaginal Spermicide

Birth Control Pills

Cervical Cap

Norplant

Sterilization Vasectomy – separating vas deferens Tubal ligation – separating fallopian tubes

Abortion – Termination of a Pregnancy First trimester procedures –Menstrual extraction –Vacuum aspiration –Dilation and curettage (D&C)

Abortion – Termination of a Pregnancy (cont’d) Second trimester procedures –Dilation and evacuation (D&E) –Hypertonic saline solution –Prostaglandin procedure

Abortion – Termination of a Pregnancy (cont’d) Third trimester procedures –Hysterotomy –Hysterectomy

Pregnancy Obstacles to fertilization –Acid levels in vagina –Thickening of cervical mucus –Location of cervical opening for sperm –Location of current fallopian tube for sperm

Pregnancy (cont’d) Obstacles to fertilization, cont’d –Distance for sperm –Movement of sperm –Location of egg

Pregnancy (cont’d) Aids to fertilization –Number of sperm –Deposition of sperm –Accessory gland production –Uterine contractions –Movement of sperm

Pregnancy (cont’d) Aids to fertilization, cont’d –Life of sperm –Consistency of mucus

Signs of Pregnancy Frequency of urination Increased size of abdomen Cervix becomes softer Positive HCG

Childbirth Stage 1 – effacement and dilation of the cervix Stage 2 – delivery of fetus Stage 3 – delivery of afterbirth (placenta)

Chapter Fourteen Managing Your Fertility