FDR AND WWII  32 nd President  Democrat   “A date that will live in infamy”

PG- 27 WWII Begins

I. Causes  W WI and the Treaty of Versailles A ppeasement R ise of Totalitarianism

*WWI and the Treaty of Versailles  Germany lost land to surrounding nations  War reparations  Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to US  Germany pays $57 trillion (modern day equivalent)  Germans are bankrupt, embarrassed, guilt ridden, and angry.  Desperate people turn to desperate leaders

I. Pre-War Foreign Policy 1. -US focused on domestic issues -extreme anti-war feelings “Merchants of Death”- greedy bankers & arms dealers dragged the US into WWI -FDR’s Good Neighbor policy in Latin America- 2. -Neutrality Acts forbids arms sales or loans to warring nations Roosevelt gives Quarantine speech isolationist, alternative to war

II. Prelude to War 1. -Japanese Aggression: *need to expand 4 a growing population Manchuria, China, *militarist launched a surprise attack & seized control, 2xs as big as TX, rich China Emperor Hirohito----Hideki Tojo 2. -Italy____________________ Fascism : gov’t that places interest of the state above individuals Benito Mussolini, appealed to I’s wounded pride, played on the fear of economic collapse & communism

Prelude to War 3. Rise of Germany Failed Weimar Republic Hitler: *Jobless WWI Vet, joins Socialist “Nazi Party”, become leader - promises to bring G out of Great Depression - Wrote “Mien Kampf”= “My Struggle”: plan of action 4 Nazi Party, Extreme Nationalism - *Born in Austria, had a dream of uniting all G speaking peoples into a great Empire & enforcing Purification (to form a Master race) -Anticommunism

Germany-1933  Hitler elected chancellor  Mein Kampf

Rise of Totalitarianism  A system in which the state and its leader have nearly TOTAL control.  Individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation.  No right to vote  No free speech  Government controlled economy  Often a police state

Adolph Hitler & Third Reich: (3rd G Empire, 1000 Year Reign) Nazi Political Party # *Many unemployed turned to H as last hope, joined his “Storm Trooper” army 1933: H appointed Chancellor

Totalitarianism USSR: Communist Dictatorship Germany & Italy: Fascist Dictatorship Japan: Military Dictatorship

Adolf Hitler- Germany Hideki Tojo - Japan Benito Mussolini-Italy Josef Stalin-USSR

Lil hitler: Adult swim

 Jewish Ghettos  Aryan Race  Hitler ignores Treaty of Versailles  No more payments  Build up Army

II. Prelude to War 4. Russia (USSR) Soviet Union Joseph Stalin “Man of Steel” -Establishes Communist Gov’t *Gov’t Controls EVERYTHING *Stalin wanted to establish a Great Industrial Nation, bigger than the US *Enacted famous 5 year plan,1937- SU was 2 nd only to the US as a great Industrial Power *Caused over 13 Million Deaths by working people to death, great famines

III. Appeasement :Giving up principles to pacify an Aggressor 1. Kellogg-Briand Pact ;war cannot be used as an instrument of Foreign Policy 2. Hoover-Stimson Doctrine refuse to recognize lands taken by force -German rearmament: Drop out of League of Nations 3. Taking of the Rhineland  -> ->-Munich Peace Conference, appeased G in order to maintain Peace once again, H promises it would be last territorial demand American Neutrality

Munich Pact-1938  Hitler agrees with England and France- no more war  Appeasement policy!!!

III. Appeasement 3.-Taking of the Rhineland

*Winston Churchill, ‘It was a shameful policy, B & F choose btw war & dishonor, They choose dishonor, they WILL have war.”

Appeasement  Giving someone something to make them happy and leave you alone.  Hitler demanded land that wasn’t Germany’s and others just gave it to him.  Nations were trying to prevent war…it didn’t work. (Isolationism)  Appeasement just showed Hitler that he could do whatever he wanted.

How did WWII start?  Germany invaded Poland.  Allies declare war on Germany.  Germany then invades France, Belgium, etc.  Then Hitler invades Russia.  Germans use “blitzkrieg” to overwhelm other armies.  Blitzkrieg means “lightening war” in German.  Surround with tanks and troops in trucks.

IV. Europe at War 1. - Japanese are invading China, Germany annexes Austria, 1938 why?: 1.land 2.A’s are G speaking & many are okay with it *The world does NOTHING 3. -Germany takes Czechoslovakia, 1938 – and turns his eyes to Poland – could mean a conflict w/SU (Russia) 4. -Germany-Russia sign non-aggression treaty, 1939 – will not attack each other, but will secretly divide Poland 5. -Germany attacks Poland Sept. 1, Blitzkrieg 6. -France, England declare war

How did WWII start?  Germany invaded Poland to get lebensraum

September 1,1939-BLITZKREIG! Hitler attacks Poland England and France declare war

1940  April-Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg  June-France (Paris is abandoned)  July-The Battle of Britain begins!

V. Blitzkrieg 1. -”lightning warfare” -heavy use of machinery and aircraft- many advances in military Technology -quick victory over Poland -not a lot of fighting after capture of Poland, waiting to see what H would do 2. -Phony War begins Maginot Line –system of forts, Siegfried Line 3. -Stalin attacks Finland, Hitler attacks Denmark, Norway, then Belgium- to build bases there to attack Britain 4. Invasion of France -Massive Allied evacuation at Dunkirk -France signs surrender, June 1940 *Entire world watched, as H handed his Terms of Surrender

V. Blitzkrieg -lightning warfare -heavy use of machinery and aircraft -quick victory over Poland -Phony War begins Maginot Line Siegfried Line -Stalin attacks Finland, Hitler attacks Denmark, Norway, then Belgium -Invasion of France -Massive Allied evacuation at Dunkirk -France signs surrender, June eb80

VI. Battle of Britain - Germany controls most of Europe 1. -Luftwaffe begin bombing of Britain: 2,000 planes, for 2 months, every night 2. -RAF Royal Air Force defends British homeland: thanks to Radar -”Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few”-to the RAF Winston Churchill GB Prime Minister 3. -Germany never launches invasion of Britain: but both continue to bomb one another to disrupt production & break civilian morale

“Never forget that everything Hitler did in Germany was legal.” ― Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.

Battle of Britain: The “Blitz”

The London “Tube”: Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

Hitler attacks Russia! Sept, 1941  Why???