Atomic Mass Evaluation WANG Meng 王 猛 Nov. 10, 2011, RIKEN Background, present status method, discussion……

H.Schatz et al., PRL 86(2001)3471

Mass measurement: inertial mass energy Relative Measurement

The AME2003 A.H. Wapstra, G. Audi, C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys. A 729 (2003) 129

50 years of mass evaluations The more recent history of atomic masses can be found in: Georges Audi “The history of nuclidic masses and of their evaluation” International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 251 (2006) 85–94 An early (perhaps the first) attempt for a mass evaluation is M.S. Livingston, H.A. Bethe, “Nuclear Physics, C. Nuclear dynamics, experimental”, Rev. Mod. Phys. 9 (1937) 245, XVIII. Nuclear masses; p. 366 The authors combined data from mass spectrometry and nuclear reaction and decay data up to 40Ar. In the early 1950’s it was found that the many relations (direct and indirect) overdetermined the mass value of many nuclides. Aaldert H. Wapstra established a procedure using a least-squares method to solve the problem of overdetermination. The first table of atomic masses using this method is dated 1955.

Science 20 June 1958:

List of Atomic Mass Evaluations A.H. Wapstra, Physica 21 (1955) ; J.R. Huizenga, Physica 21 (1955) 410 F. Everling, L.A. König, J.H.E. Mattauch, A.H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys. 18 (1960) 529 L.A. König, J.H.E. Mattauch, A.H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys. 31 (1962) 18 J.H.E. Mattauch, W. Thiele, A.H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys. A67 (1965) A.H. Wapstra & K. Bos, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 19 (1977) 175 A.H. Wapstra, G. Audi & R. Hoekstra, Nucl. Phys. A432 (1985) 185 G. Audi & A.H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys. A 565 (1993) 66 C. Borcea, G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra & P. Favaron, Nucl. Phys. A 565 (1993) 158 G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra & M. Dedieu, Nucl. Phys. A 565 (1993) 193 G. Audi & A.H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys. A 595 (1995) 409 G. Audi, O. Bersillon, J. Blachot & A.H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys. A 624 (1997) 1 G. Audi, O. Bersillon, J. Blachot & A.H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys. A 729 (2003) 3 A.H. Wapstra, G. Audi & C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys. A 729 (2003) 129 G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra & C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys. A 729 (2003) 337

Collaborators Coordinator Georges Audi a Contributors Meng Wang a,b,e, Xing Xu b, Jean Blachot a, Berndt Pfeifferc c, Filip Kondev d a. CSNSM-Orsay b. IMP-Lanzhou c. GSI-Darmstadt d. ANL-Argonne e. MPIK-Heildelberg

Preview of Ame2013 and Nubase2013 G.Audi & M.Wang Intensive work is continuing for the preparation of the two “horizontal” evaluations Ame2013 and Nubase2013. These two evaluations are foreseen to be published by the end of 2012 or the beginning of In the mean time, given the fact that the previous evaluations are already more than 7 years old, and that many demands have been expressed by our colleagues for some updated tables, we have decided to release now a series of tables and figures containing today's status of our work. These tables will certainly appear to be different from the final tables that we will publish as Ame2013 & Nubas2013, however, compared to the 2003 publications, so many changes and improvements are included that we think they can answer already most of the demands from many of our colleagues. WARNING : no details on how the new values were derived will accompany the present tables; all details about our final analysis and choices will be given in the coming Ame2013 and Nubas2013 publications. The Ame2011-preview is given here as 3 tables and a series of figures that can be downloaded from : The Nubase2011-preview appears in the Nucleus display that can be found as: or for the 3D version All values distributed above are given with the “not publishedstatus”. When needed they can be quoted as : Private Communication April 2011 by Georges Audi and Wang Meng

Ame’ experimental data 4943 used 2228 gs masses 203 isomers Ame’ experimental data 5092 used 2341 gs masses 220 isomers Precision of Q-values and masses Q-values masses

Principle of AME

The procedure of AME Experimental Data Collection and Evaluation Treatment of Data Least Squares Method Flow of Information Consistency of Data Regularity of the Mass Surface From S 2 n – S 2 p – Qα - …. From difference with a smooth function

3597 NUCLEI ACCEPTED : degreecounts Primaries in 1554 Equations with 4005 Coefficients Statistics

Data Evaluation Data collection Careful reading Evaluate or re-evaluate Calibration procedures & calibrants Accuracies of the measurement Examine spectra Select PRIMARY information Comparison To previous results --direct results – combination of other results To estimates from extrapolations To estimates from models Dialogue

Input data: example 1

from Tommi Eronen to meng wang date Fri, Oct 28, 2011 at 6:56 AM subject Re: data in your paper PRC83, mailed-by gmail.comsigned-by gmail.com Dear Dr. Meng, you are absolutely right! I just checked from my spreadsheets that indeed the correct frequency ratio is the one you suggest, so there is one "1" missing. Thanks for noticing it! I will inform PRC editors about this. I also see that our final manuscript versio has the "1" in but proofs don't have it and apparently we were blind to see the difference. Best wishes, Tommi 2011/10/27 meng wang > Dear Dr. Eronen, > I'm working on including the data from your paper > Phys. Rev. C 83, (2011) into AME. > While I found out from the frequency ratio of > 10C/10B = (9) as listed in table 2, > I could only get the corresponding Qec= keV, > different with your value. > I guess there is a typo: one "1" was missed > in the table, so the true value for freq. ratio > should be (9). > Could you please check this case? > Best regards, > Meng >

Input data: example 2

PHYSICAL REVIEW C 81, (2010) C. Wrede et al. “the ground-state masses of the respective daughter nuclei 20Na, 24Al, 28P, and 32Cl have been determined by measuring the (3He,t ) reactions leading to them with the 36Ar(3He,t )36K reaction as a calibration.” example 3

On Fri, Apr 15, 2011 at 3:05 PM, meng wang > wrote: Dear Dr. Wrede, we are working on the atomic mass evaluation and preparing a new mass table. We are studying your paper PRC 81,055503, where the Q values of (3He,t) reactions on different target are measured. In table 4 of this paper, the masses are given for corresponding nuclei. We prefer to use the primary information so that the masses can be recalibrated automatically for any changes. While the information is not present in the paper, we tried our best to reconstruct the equations : 20Ne(3He,t)20Na - 36Ar()36K : (1.0) 24Mg(3He,t)24Al - 36Ar()36K : (1.0) 28Si(3He,t)28P - 36Ar()36K : (1.1) 32S(3He,t)32Cl - 36Ar()36K : 133.0(1.1) The uncertainty of 0.4 keV for 36K has been deconvoluted to obtain the uncertainties listed Could you please check if the treatment is good and give your comment? Best regards, Meng WANG and Georges Audi

Dear Meng, Thank you for your inquiry. I checked your numbers by using an extra significant digit or two at every point in the calculation (these digits are not all available in the paper). For example, I used 0.39 keV for the 36K uncertainty. I found that your numbers are all accurate, except the one for A=20. In that case I get (1.1) keV. In the case of A=24, I get an uncertainty of keV, which is close to rounding either way. I suppose it technically rounds to 1.0 keV, as you already had. Here is a summary of my Q-value differences in keV to one extra digit: 20Ne(3He,t)20Na - 36Ar()36K : (1.06) 24Mg(3He,t)24Al - 36Ar()36K : (1.05) 28Si(3He,t)28P - 36Ar()36K : (1.10) 32S(3He,t)32Cl - 36Ar()36K : (1.10) I hope this information is helpful to you. Please let me know if you need more information. Thank you. Best regards, -Chris Wrede

Consistency of Data: Example 1

In present AME, 168Yb-168Er = 1420(4) keV Example 2

Phys.Rev.Lett. 106, (2011)

Q EC 80Sr-85Rb hMA Ot01 80Sr-85Rb U HMA Si34 80Sr-85Rb HSH Ha08 80Y O-96Mo HJY Ka48 80Y(B+)80Sr F F hBNL 81Li12 80Y(B+)80Sr F F hOrs 82De36 80Y(B+)80Sr F F h 96Sh27,* 80Y(B+)80Sr Z m S-sugg *80Y(B+)80Sr F: below lower limit Q->8929(23) keV determined by ref H 03Ba18**

Local mass evaluation A.KankainenA.Kankainen et al., Phys.Rev. C 82, (2010)

Correlations of output masses

Peter J. Mohr,† Barry N. Taylor,‡ and David B. Newell REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, VOLUME 80, APRIL–JUNE 2008 CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006* Correlations of input data 3H (* )3He (* ) statistical relativistic11 Ion Number11 q/a7.7 contaminant11 others11 reference1.8 Relative uncertainties Sz. Nagy et al., Europhys. Lett. 74(3), H3H 3 He 3H3H He

Thank you for you attention!

Impact to astrophysics

Change in the predicted abundances when keeping the same stellar parameters (neutron density n_n, temperature and process duration). The experimental masses from AME are superimposed on the FRDM mass model [1997Möller]: AME2003 masses (black line) and AME2010 (red line). Crosses and error bars are for the observed abundances in the solar system [2003Lodders]. The data are normalized to the A=130 observed abundance.