Section 1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell
The microscope is an important tool Different types of microscopes are used to observe different things Compound Light microscope- allow scientists to see living cells Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)- produce a 3-D image of a cell’s surface Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)- produce a 2-D image of the inside of a cell **SEM and TEM do not allow scientists to see living cells, but they do magnify objects up to a million times**
Cells are divided into two categories The difference between the two types of cells is the location of the genetic material Eukaryotic cell - have a nucleus that contains the genetic material for a cell Prokaryotic cells - do not have a nucleus and the genetic material is in the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell
Cells are diverse Eukaryotic cells have organelles - internal parts of a cell that perform particular functions cytoplasm - a jelly-like material inside the cell
cytoplasm Animal Cell
Cells are diverse Eukaryotic cells have organelles - internal parts of a cell that perform particular functions cytoplasm - a jelly-like material inside the cell cell membrane - protective covering that controls entry into and out of cell “The Traffic Cop”
cell membrane cytoplasm Animal Cell
Organelles found in cells Nucleus - stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function “The Control Center”
cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus Animal Cell
Organelles found in cells Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center” Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein “Protein Factories”
cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus ribosomes Animal Cell
Organelles found in cells Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center” Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories” Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials around the cell “Cell Highway”
cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum Animal Cell
Organelles found in cells Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center” Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories” Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials around the cell. “Cell Highway” Mitochondria - uses oxygen to process food (process called cellular respiration) “Powerhouse of the Cell”
cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria Animal Cell
Organelles found in cells Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center” Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories” Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials around the cell. “Cell Highway” Mitochondria - uses oxygen to process food in a process called cellular respiration. “Powerhouse of the Cell” Golgi apparatus - finishes processing and packaging proteins
cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria Golgi apparatus Animal Cell
Organelles found in cells vesicles - transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria Golgi apparatus vesicles Animal Cell
Organelles found in cells vesicles - transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. *lysosomes (only found in animal cells) - break down waste materials “Digestion Center”
cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria Golgi apparatus *lysosomes vesicles Animal Cell
Plant Cell nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes Golgi apparatus vesicles
Organelles found in plant cells *cell wall - -tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell
Plant Cell nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes Golgi apparatus vesicles cell wall
Organelles found in plant cells *cell wall – tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell *chloroplasts - use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a plant cell
Plant Cell nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes Golgi apparatus vesicles chloroplast cell wall
Organelles found in plant cells *cell wall – tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell *chloroplasts - use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a plant cell *central vacuole - hold water, waste and other materials in a plant cell
Plant Cell nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes Golgi apparatus vesicles central vacuole cell wall chloroplast