Cells Grade 8 Miss Murray

Review: What does the cell theory say? What does the cell theory say? What is the difference between a unicellular and multicellular organism? What is the difference between a unicellular and multicellular organism?

Plant vs. Animal Cells

Organelles Cells are made up of organelles that have a specific function or job. Cells are made up of organelles that have a specific function or job.

Cell Membrane “The Gate” “The Gate” Regulates what enters or leaves the cell. Regulates what enters or leaves the cell. It is selectively permeable. It is selectively permeable. Selectively permeable means it only lets certain things in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm Surrounds all organelles inside the cell. Surrounds all organelles inside the cell. Helps provide structure to the cell and is the site of most cell activity. Helps provide structure to the cell and is the site of most cell activity. Looks like JELLO. Looks like JELLO.

Nucleus “The Brain” “The Brain” Runs the cell and controls all cell activity. Runs the cell and controls all cell activity. Contains your DNA. Contains your DNA. The nucleolus is the darker, spherical area within the nucleus. The nucleolus is the darker, spherical area within the nucleus. Protected by the nuclear envelope. Protected by the nuclear envelope. DNA= Deoxyribonucleic Acid It contains your genetic information.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Folded membrane/canal system. Folded membrane/canal system. It carries materials through the cell. It carries materials through the cell.

Ribosome Build proteins essential for cell function. Build proteins essential for cell function. Found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER. Found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.

Golgi Apparatus Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. Folded membranes. Folded membranes. Look like “a stack of pancakes” Look like “a stack of pancakes”

Vacuole “Cell Storage” “Cell Storage” Store excess food, water & wastes. Store excess food, water & wastes. Animal cells: many smaller vacuoles Animal cells: many smaller vacuoles Plant cells: fewer larger vacuoles Plant cells: fewer larger vacuoles

Lysosomes “Garbage Can” “Garbage Can” Removes waste from the cell. Removes waste from the cell.

Mitochondrion “The ENERGY” “The ENERGY” Responsible for energy transformations within the cell. Responsible for energy transformations within the cell.

Chloroplast PLANT CELLS ONLY!! PLANT CELLS ONLY!! Where photosynthesis takes place. Where photosynthesis takes place. Photosynthesis is the process where plants make their own food using sunlight.

Cell Wall PLANT CELLS ONLY!! PLANT CELLS ONLY!! Thicker & more rigid than cell membrane. Thicker & more rigid than cell membrane. Made of cellulose. Made of cellulose. Supply support & protection for the cell. Supply support & protection for the cell. Cell membrane is just underneath cell wall. Cell membrane is just underneath cell wall.

Onion Cells

Blood Cells

Thinking Why can trees grow much taller than humans? Why can trees grow much taller than humans?

Cell City In groups create a cell city/school/mall/etc. In groups create a cell city/school/mall/etc. Think of a city building that matches the function of each organelle. Think of a city building that matches the function of each organelle. –Eg. Garbage Dump= Lysosome –Eg. Police Station= Nucleus Draw your city on chart paper.