Bell Ringer Place the events in order. A.Peloponnesian War B.Cyrus the Great founds the Persian Empire. C.Darius I claims the Persian throne. D.Alexander the Great builds an empire.

Unit 5: The Roman World

Chapter 10: The Roman World Words to Know Aeneas Romulus and Remus Republic Dictators Cincinnatus Plebeians Patricians Legions Punic Wars Hannibal Gaius Marius Lucius Cornelius Sulla Spartacus Magistrates Consuls Roman Senate Veto Latin Checks and Balances Forum

10-1: Geography and the Rise of Rome 1.The geography of Italy made land travel difficult, but helped the Romans prosper. 2.Ancient historians were very interested in Rome’s legendary history. 3.Once a monarchy, the Romans created a republic.

Create a replica of the map of Italy on page 317. Label all bodies of water, cities, countries, and mountains shown on the map

Why do they call the Italian Peninsula “The Boot?”

Main Idea 1: The geography of Italy made land travel difficult but helped the Romans prosper. Most of Italy is covered with hills. Italians built their cities on the hills for defense. Two major mountain ranges, the Alps and the Apennines, created rugged land that was hard to cross. –Some of Italy’s mountains were volcanic (Mount Vesuvius). Their eruptions could devastate Roman towns. They also built cities near rivers for a source of fresh water. Rome lies on the Tiber River.

Mount Vesuvius

TIBER RIVER

Rome’s Climate –Warm and dry summers –Mild and rainy Winters –(Similar to California) –Perfect for growing a wide range of crops. –A plentiful food supply was one key factor in Rome’s early growth.

Main Idea 2: Ancient historians were very interested in Rome’s legendary history. Little is known about Rome’s early history because no written records exist. Imagining the glorious past, people told legends, or stories.

The Romans believed they could trace their history to a great Trojan leader named Aeneas. The Aeneid, an epic poem written by Virgil, tells about Aeneas’s trip to Italy. After the Greeks destroyed Troy, he fled with his followers to Italy and formed an alliance with the Latins. Aeneas He became a ruler in Italy after marrying the daughter of the Latin king.

Romulus and Remus Among the descendants of Aeneas were the founders of Rome. According to legend, when they were babies they were placed in a basket in the Tiber River. They didn’t drown. Instead they were rescued by wolf. The wolf cared for them for years. Eventually a shepherd found them and adopted them. When they were older they decided to build a city to mark the spot they were rescued. Romulus killed Remus because he mocked one of Romulus’s ideas for the city. Romulus then built the city and named it Rome after himself.

Rome’s Early Kings Roman records list seven kings who ruled the city, some of whom were Etruscans. The Etruscans made contributions such as huge temples and Rome’s first sewer. Some think that Rome learned the alphabet and numbers from the Etruscans. The last Roman king was said to have been a cruel man, who had many people killed. A group of nobles rose up against him and overthrew him. The nobles no longer wanted a king, so they created a new government.

Main Idea 3: Once a monarchy, the Romans created a republic. The Romans created a republic in 509 BC in which people elect leader to govern the city. They protected against anyone staying in power for too long by limiting terms to one year. Rome was not a democracy. Leaders usually came from a small group of wealthy and powerful men. This group held all the power.

Shortly after the Romans created the republic, they found themselves at war. During difficult wars, the Romans chose dictators, rulers with almost absolute power, to lead the city. To prevent them from abusing their power, they could stay in power only six months. One of Rome’s famous dictators was Cincinnatus, a farmer. He quickly defeated his enemies, and returned to farming long before his six- month term was up. Challenges from the Outside

Plebeians The plebeians, or common people, were made up of peasants, craftspeople, traders, and other workers. They called for change in the government to give them more say in how things were run. They also formed a council and elected their own officials. Patricians The patricians held almost all political power. Only patricians could be elected to office. Fearing that Rome would be split in two, they decided it was time to change the government after the Plebeians formed a council. Challenges within Rome

Guided Questions What mountain ranges are in Italy, and where are they located? 2.Why could Romans grow a wide variety of crops? 3.How did Romans take advantage of Italy’s physical geography? 4.What epic poem tells the story of Aeneas? Who was its author? 5.What was remarkable about he childhood of the legendary Romulus and Remus? 6.How might a legendary beginning make a country or empire more stable? 7.What was the Roman office of dictator? 8.How is a republic different from a monarchy? 9.What were the first 50 years like for the Roman Republic? 10.How were patricians and plebeians different?

Chapter 10-1 Review Correctly identify the following pictures with the appropriate label 1.

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3.

4. What does this represent?

5. dog

6.+

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8.

I should be able to answer the essential questions now. How did the geography of Italy help the Romans prosper? What is Rome’s legendary story? What type of government did the Romans have at its creation?