Italy united Rise of Nationalist Europe

Many Obstacles Italy was a place of constant warfareItaly was a place of constant warfare War brought different rulers, people split on loyalty/ideasWar brought different rulers, people split on loyalty/ideas Always divided: Tuscans, Venetians, NeapolitansAlways divided: Tuscans, Venetians, Neapolitans Again, Napoleon ignited nationalism – unityAgain, Napoleon ignited nationalism – unity Again, Congress of Vienna split Italy upAgain, Congress of Vienna split Italy up Empowered monarchies – France, Austria Empowered monarchies – France, Austria Nationalist groups fight to repel foreign kings Nationalist groups fight to repel foreign kings Monarchy sends armies to crush rebels Monarchy sends armies to crush rebels

Nationalism Spreads Secret nationalist societies formSecret nationalist societies form Goal is to establish a free, independent republic Goal is to establish a free, independent republic Unify Italy around the common culture, history, language Unify Italy around the common culture, history, language Remember Ancient Rome? Let’s do that again. Remember Ancient Rome? Let’s do that again. Also made sense economically to uniteAlso made sense economically to unite End trade barriers between states End trade barriers between states Stimulate industryStimulate industry

Fighting for Italy Count Camillo Cavour of SardiniaCount Camillo Cavour of Sardinia Rich noble, but favored liberal goals - RealpolitikRich noble, but favored liberal goals - Realpolitik Leads the revolt against Austrian forcesLeads the revolt against Austrian forces Other leaders would join to help push out AustriaOther leaders would join to help push out Austria Giuseppe Garibaldi of Sicily’s “Red Shirts”Giuseppe Garibaldi of Sicily’s “Red Shirts” Defeat monarchy on Sicily, makes his way across the boot, freeing other areasDefeat monarchy on Sicily, makes his way across the boot, freeing other areas All of Italy would become unifiedAll of Italy would become unified Rome, Venice, Sardinia, Sicily, TuscanyRome, Venice, Sardinia, Sicily, Tuscany

New Challenges No tradition of unity – people didn’t feel close tiesNo tradition of unity – people didn’t feel close ties Strong rivalry between North and SouthStrong rivalry between North and South North was rich, big nice cities North was rich, big nice cities South was poor, rural farms South was poor, rural farms Hostility between the Pope and the new Italy Hostility between the Pope and the new Italy Pope’s power was limited by new societyPope’s power was limited by new society Pope tells Catholics not to cooperate with new governmentsPope tells Catholics not to cooperate with new governments

Making Progress Industry and economy did eventually boom despite the Pope’s effortsIndustry and economy did eventually boom despite the Pope’s efforts Government extended suffrageGovernment extended suffrage Improved social conditions of cities – educationImproved social conditions of cities – education Large populations still created social tensionLarge populations still created social tension Italians emigrated – moved away from – ItalyItalians emigrated – moved away from – Italy Moving to the United StatesMoving to the United States