Strategies to manage human activity in the tundra 2

2. North East Greenland National Park Northeast Greenland National Park is the largest national park in the world, with an area of 972,000 square kilometres (375,000 square miles), making the park larger than 163 countries. It is also the only national park in Greenland, and the most northerly national park in the world. The park encompasses the entire northeastern coastline and interior sections of Greenland. Geography The park shares borders, largely laid out as straight lines, with the Sermersooq municipality in the south and with the Qaasuitsup municipality in the west along the 45° West meridian on the ice cap in the west. The large interior of the park is part of the Greenland Ice Sheet, but there are large ice-free areas along the coast and in the north (Peary Land).

History Originally created on 22 May 1974 from the northern, practically uninhabited part of the former Ittoqqortoormiit Municipality in Tunu (East Greenland), the park was expanded by another 272,000 km² to its present size in 1988, by including the northeastern part of the former county of Avannaa (North Greenland). In January 1977 it was designated an international biosphere reserve. It is overseen by the Greenland Department of Environment and Nature. The historical research camps on the ice sheet, Eismitte and North Ice, fall within the boundaries of the present-day park. Population The park has virtually no permanent human population. In 1986, the permanent population of the park was 40, living at Mesters Vig although 400 sites saw occasional summertime use. These 40 were involved in cleanup and closeout operations at mining exploration sites and soon left. Recently only 31 people and about 110 dogs were present over winter in North East Greenland, distributed among the following stations (all on the coast, except Summit Camp): Daneborg (12) headquarters of the Sirius Patrol, the park policing agency Danmarkshavn (8) civilian weather station Station Nord (5) military base Mestersvig (2) military outpost with 1,800 m gravel runway Zackenberg (0) summer-only research station Summit Camp (4) research station on the Greenland Ice Sheet During summer scientists add to this. The research station ZERO (Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations) can cater for over 20 scientists and station personnel.

Fauna An estimated 5,000 to 15,000 musk ox as well as numerous polar bears and walrus can be found near the coastal regions of the park. This is claimed to be 40% of the world population of musk ox. Other mammals include arctic fox, stoat, reindeer, collared lemming and arctic hare. Reindeer left the park in 1900 and wolves in 1934, although wolves occasionally return. Other marine mammals include ringed seal, bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal as well as narwhal and white whale. Species of birds which breed in the park include great northern diver, barnacle goose, pink-footed goose, common eider, king eider, gyrfalcon, snowy owl, sanderling, ptarmigan and raven.