The Atmosphere: Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation Composition / Structure Radiative transfer Vertical and latitudinal heat transport Atmospheric circulation Climate modeling Suggested further reading: Holton, An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology (Academic Press, 1979)
Roles of atmosphere and ocean net ocean atmosphere Trenberth & Caron (2001)
Circulation in our 2D model Ω f > 0 f = 0 f < 0
Plenty of APE in middle and high latitudes Hadley Cell T = Te Plenty of APE in middle and high latitudes
Experiment on rotating table with imposed temperature gradient cold water bath hot water bath working fluid rotating turntable
Rapid rotation — baroclinic instability
Atmospheric heat transport tropics — direct overturning extratropics — eddy transport
Atmospheric heat transport } Warm air upward and poleward Cold air downward and equatorward Efficient poleward heat transport
Roles of atmosphere and ocean net ocean atmosphere Trenberth & Caron (2001)
Angular momentum budget Low level westerlies — loss of AM to surface through friction Low level easterlies — gain of AM from surface through friction
Atmospheric angular momentum transport
Observed angular momentum transport total transient eddies stationary eddies (mean circulation)
Eddy angular momentum transport