Nucleic acids. Nucleic Acid Macromolecules, found in eukaryotic cell nucleus. There are 2 types of nucleic acids - DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). - RNA.

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Nucleic Acids nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information

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Nucleic acids

Nucleic Acid Macromolecules, found in eukaryotic cell nucleus. There are 2 types of nucleic acids - DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). - RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Why this molecules has been given nucleic acid’s name? 1-for their initial discovery within the cell nucleus. 2- for the presence of phosphate groups (related to phosphoric acid). Function: The main function of nucleic acids is to store and transmit genetic information. The nucleic acids use these information to synthesize new proteins.

The building block for nucleic acids is Nucleotide

رسم تخطيطي يوضح مكونات النيوكليوتيدة في الأحماض النووية. النيوكليوتيدة Nucleotide مجموعة فوسفات PO 4 نيوكليوسيدة Nucleoside O - PO O - O - سكر الرايبوز Ribose قاعدةنيتروجينية Nitrogen base سكر خماسي Pentose Sugar سكرالديوكسى رايبوز Deoxyribose البيورينات Purines DNA RNA الأدنين (A) الجوانين (G) البريميدينات Pyrimidines الثايمين (T) اليوراسيل (U) السايتوسين (C) Nucleotide PO 4 Nucleoside O - PO O - O - O - PO O - O - Ribose قاعدةنيتروجينية Nitrogen base Pentose Sugar Deoxyribose Purines DNA RNA (A) (G) Pyrimidines (T) (U) (C)

Pentose sugar What the different between both?

phosphate group

Nitrogen base

Comparison between DNA and RNA RNADNAComparison Nucleus and cytoplasmNucleus Found in PentoseDeoxyribose Ribose Adenine - Uracil Guanin - Cytocin Adenin - Thymin Guanin - Cytocin Nitrogenous bases One strand of polynucleotides helix ( Double) Shape Messenger (mRNA) Transfer (tRNA) Ribosomal (rRNA) - Types mRNA delivers messege from DNA to rRNA, tRNA carries anticoding for amino acids for rRNA to make the protein. Genetic material that makes chromosomes. Function

Experiment (1) Detection of RNA components in yeast: Steps: 1) in mortar, put 5 g of yeast with equal amount of fine sand YeastSand

2- Crush the mix. Add 15 ml of 0.2% NaOH solution, then continue crushing till mixture becomes smooth.

50m 3- Put the mixture in conical flask, wash the mortar with small amount of NaOH and add it to flask content. Then complete the final volume to 50 ml of NaOH. 4- Heat the flask content in water bath for 30 min. Then filtrate the mixture with clothe in a glass cone. Leave the liquid filtrate to cool (and dispose the clothe with precipitant). 5- Add 20 ml of sulfuric acid (10%), then heat in water bath for 10 min.

3- Detection of Purine bases Adenine, Guanine - In test tube, put 2 ml of sample previously prepared and add 3 ml of ammonia solution (10%) and few drops of AgNO3 solution(3%). 2- Detection of Ribose - In test tube add 1 ml of sample with 3 ml of Benedict reagent. Then heat tube in hot water bath for 10 min with shaking. 3- Detection of Phosphate group - In test tube add 1 ml of sample with 2 ml of diluted nitric acid (10%) and 2 ml of ammonium molybdate solution, then put tube in hot water bath for 10 min.