Male 2(I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3 or 4/3 M 3/3) = 40 or 42 teeth Female 2(I 3/3 C 0/0 P 3 or 4/3 M 3/3) = 36 or 38 teeth

Length vs Width

Aging Horses Eruption of permanent incisors Shape changes of the lower incisor table surfaces

Aging Horses Disappearance of cups 5-10 yr range Appearance & position of Galvayne’s Groove 9-20 yr range

Aging Horses Change in direction of upper & lower incisor arcades

Aging Horses Disappearance of enamel ring (Mark) Upper corner incisor hook (7 yrs & yrs)

Eruption Dates ToothDeciduousPermanent First IncisorBirth - 2 wk2.5 years

Eruption Dates ToothDeciduousPermanent Second Incisor4 – 6 weeks3.5 years

Eruption Dates ToothDeciduousPermanent Third Incisor6 – 10 months4.5 years

Disappearance of Cups 6 yr. Central lowers 7 yr. Lateral lowers 8 yr. Corner lowers

9 years 10 years

11 years 15 years

17 years 20 years

Eruption Dates ToothDeciduousPermanent Canine 4 – 5 years First premolar (wolf tooth) 5 – 6 months Second premolar Birth – 2 weeks2.5 years

Eruption Dates ToothDeciduousPermanent Third premolarBirth – 2 weeks3 years Fourth premolarBirth – 2 weeks3.5 years

Eruption Dates ToothDeciduousPermanent First molar 9 – 12 months Second molar 2 years Third molar 3.5 – 4 years

PREVENTATIVE DENTAL CARE 2-3 year old –Pull wolf teeth –Check 1 st permanent cheek teeth for caps –Check for points 3 year old –Check 2 nd permanent cheek teeth for caps 4 year old –Check 3 rd permanent cheek teeth for caps Adult horses –Examine annually

Signs of Dental Disease Repeatedly chewing food and expelling it Spilling/spitting grain Inefficient chewing Cheek sensitivity Abnormal cheek swelling Sensitivity to bit (bit chewing) Head shaking or tilting

Signs of Dental Disease Foul odor from nostrils or mouth Excessive salivation (drooling) Exaggerated tongue movements Pain when drinking cold water

Signs of Dental Disease Bleeding from mouth Rough hair coat Weight loss Poor performance