Open Information Gateway for Disaster Management

Outline Motivation Challenges System Architecture – HAPPY Should we talk about LiLee's equipment here? – TRIPS Real-time pub/sub – LiLee's Architecture To-be-completed in the future Workshop in SOCA '12.

About Our Work Response Recovery Preparedness Reconstruction Prediction and warning Scenario development Emergency SOP development Education & training Preparedness Real-time monitoring, modeling, forecasting Scenario identification/situation awareness Dependable alert/alarm/warning delivery Effective use alarm information Prediction and warning Connectivity diagnosis and repair Information dissemination Command and control decision support Resource dispatching Response Impact assessment Restoration of telecommunication, transportation & other infrastructures Recovery Mitigation and prevention Disaster management cycle Mega disasters = Calamities for which we are unprepared: “no-notice events” by C. Dickey, Newsweek, Sept 12, 2011

0% 100% 024h48h 72h Availability Impact On Power of Information “Information can save lives, livelihoods and resources.” – World Disasters Report, 2005 “Today, even mobile phones could be used as an effective medium to provide early warnings and thus save lives and property” – R. K. Pachauri, 2009 “Small advances in emergency informatics could significantly reduce deaths, accelerate damage assessment, and minimize economic downtime” – R. R. Murphy, 2010

Happenings Everywhere

OSIRIS and SANY in EU User information systems Operational services System services Sensor services Sensor Systems Generic  Display  Sensor tasking  Sensor Monitoring  Sensor man.  Proc./storage  Web mapping  Dataflow man.  Alarm service  Discovery  Access  Alert  Tasking.  Interface adaptor

Open SensorNet & DMIS Infrastructures in US DM-OPEN, IPAWS, CAP E911 & E911-IP

Common Limitations The systems do not make good use of information sources owned by businesses, organization, communities, and so on The systems do not exploit synergistically information from networks of things and crowd of people The systems are not sufficiently agile in response to changes in disaster situation.

Open Information Gateway C. T. Hsiao Research Center for IT Innovation, AS P. C. Yew & D. H. C. Du Computer Science, U. of Minnesota Virtual Repository C. S. Shih & P. Lin CSIE, Taiwan University L. J. Chen, C. L. Lin & W. H. Chung IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica K.J. Lin, ECE, UC-Irvine J. K.K. Zao CS, Chiao -Tung University S. W. Chen & J. W. S. Liu Institute of Information Science, AS E. T.-H. Chu, CS, Yunlin S&T University Flow Control and Fusion of Symbiotic Information OpenISDM Thematic Project J. M. Ho, D. T. Lee, C. T. Hsiao, J. W. S. Liu IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica S. C. Liu, C. Chou & S. C. Lung Center of Climate Extremes, Academia Sinica M. M. Lu, Central Weather Bureau Information Repository for Climate Extremes and Weather Disasters J. C. Lee, W. Z. Liang, and L. C. Kuo Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica Database for Studies of Crustal Deformation & Faulting Behavior F. T. Lin and H. L. Lin Urban Planning, Cheng-Kung University H. C. Chou National S&T Center for Disaster Reduction Disaster Information Systems for Resilient Communities

OpenISDM Project Overview Goals include  To develop underpinnings of a framework for responsive, open and sustainable information systems,  To exploit the use of multi-domain sensor information, scientific data and historical records in research. Innovative information technologies include:  Models/views of multi-domain, real-time, streaming & 4-D geospatial data to support analysis and simulation  Responsive emergency access and information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms  Symbiotic fusion of information from things and people  Resilient and dynamic open information gateway  Standard-based support for DM applications/services

Contents contributed by diverse, independent sources Responsive, trustworthy emergency Information broker service Sources = applications/users Individualized view of a virtual data cloud for each application/user Effective use of compute, communication and storage resources provided by points of service

TRIPS Communication infrastructure Heterogeneous And Plug-n-Play Network Store sensor data in persistent cloud Receive/report alerts Review data after disaster Publish/subscribe disaster data TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS Agent TRIPS App TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS App TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS App Points Of Services OIGY

Internet Footprint Investigation Service  Active Network Probe (ANP) proactively queries landmarks  Reactive Footprint Searcher (RFS) looks for footprints in potentially disconnected areas reported by ANP L. J. Chen, et at., “A rapid method for detecting geographically disconnected areas after disasters,” to appear in Proc. of IEEE International Conf. on Technologies for Homeland Security, Nov Disaster Response Authorities Request for connectivity report ANP RFS List of polygons around disconnected landmarks Polygons of disconnected areas

Disaster Management Survey Authors of [1] propose a novel communication system, called Emergency Evacuation Communication System, to efficiently reach end users in an emergency situation. Emergency Evacuation Communication System can reliably reach the evacuees even if regular communication networks and transmission power supplies in a region have been disrupted. [1] Q.-A. Zeng, H. Wei, and V. Joshi, “An Efficient Communication System for Disaster Detection and Coordinated Emergency Evacuation,” WTS 2008.

Disaster Management Survey In [2], authors use the benefits of mobile ad hoc networks to provide the emergency messaging services so that victims’ safety information can be informed to his/her families. When a disaster occurs, each victim in the suffered area calculates the positions of his/her home and sends his/her own safety information to the home cells. His/her family send a query to the home cells. The mobile nodes in the home cells that hold the safety information return the corresponding reply to the sender. [2] M. Nakamura, H. Urabe, A. Uchiyama, T. Umedu, and T. Higashino,“Realistic Mobility Aware Information Gathering in Disaster Areas,” WCNC 2008.

Current Proceeding We consider the base-station re-deployment power control mechanism to re-construct the cellular communication coverage in the disaster recovery scenario. We have collaborated with the company of LILEE systems. The LILEE systems company provides wireless field pattern, such as heat map etc, to assist the realistic aspects of our study. The heat map can display the wireless radio intensity in a specific area. We will incorporate the field data in our future studies.

Resilient IT Technologies for Mega- Disaster Management Purpose: IT technologies can assist the disaster management in many ways. In this workshop, we aims on the resilient IT technologies to manage the disaster. The IT technologies are designed to support the dynamics of the disaster, to integrate the resources and information in cyber and physical spaces. Interested topics: – resilient communication infrastructure – resilient communication protocol – virtual repository – security and privacy – Humaninaries – Crowd sources – Information fusion