Oceans comprise _____ % of the earths surface The largest and deepest ocean is the? Photosynthesis is _____ % efficient Self feeding = Heterotrophic means? Primary productivity is a measure of? 71 % Pacific Ocean 1 – 2 Autotrophic or photosynthetic Feeding on other organisms Rate of photosynthesis

Energy Potential versus kinetic energy Calorie = Lipids are _____ Cal per gram Proteins are ____ Cal per gram Carbohydrates are ____ Cal per gram The amount of heat required to raise 1 liter of water 1 degree centigrade 9 4 4

Organic Chemistry Sucrose is a _________ which means it is composed of two monosaccharides. Sucrose = glucose + _____ The functions of fats are: Proteins are composed of? disaccharide fructose Buoyancy, insulation, long term energy storage, repel water Amino acids

The Cell Place where DNA is found? Site of aerobic energy production? Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells? Site of photosynthesis? Contains chlorophyll? Contain chromosomes? A measure of the amount of photosynthesis? Nucleus Mitochondria Cellulose cell wall Chloroplast Nucleus Primary production

Physical Features of the Ocean Currents is the Northern Hemisphere rotate in what direction? The rotation of currents is due to the _____ effect created as the earth rotates to the ________ Clockwise coriolis east

Potential Versus Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Energy of ______ Kinetic Energy Energy of ________ Which represents chemical bond energy or enery stored in chemical bonds? positionmotion Potential Energy

Water or H 2 O The weak attraction between polar molecules is called a? Hydrogen bond

Phases of Water Which picture represents ice? A B C Picture A

Factors That Effect Density As temperature increases, density _________ As salinity increases, density __________ decreases increases

The Thermocline A zone of rapidly changing ___________ temperature

Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Blood Sugar = ___________ Fruit Sugar = ___________ Disaccharides Table Sugar =_______ = Glucose + __________ Polysaccharides Starch = Storage form of glucose in __________ Glycogen = Storage form of glucose in ________ Cellulose = ___________________ Chitin = Structural - invertebrate skeletons Glucose Fructose Sucrosefructose plants animals What plant cell walls are made of

Proteins Composed of ___________ Contains the element __________ Source of nitrogenous wastes Most fish= Sharks, frogs, humans= Reptiles and birds= Amino acids Nitrogen Ammonia Urea Uric acid

Enzymes Enzymes are specialized proteins that __________________ Increase the rates of chemical reactions

Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O+ EC 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What is the energy source that drives P/S? What is the primary photosynthetic pigment? A measure of the amount of photosynthesis is called? The sun or solar energy Chlorophyll Primary production

Elodea : A Plant Cell What are these green things? Chloroplasts

Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP Eat BreatheExhale Energy ATP Energy in a form the cell can use “Cellular Gasoline” Where in the cell does most ATP production occur? The mitochondria

Autotrophs Versus Heterotrophs Autotrophs __________ Heterotrophs __________ Self feeding/photosyntheticFeed on other organisms Plants and algae Animals

Pyramid of Biomass Plants 100,000 Pounds Light EFood E Herbivores ________ Pounds Carnivores _______ Pounds The Sun 1 – 2 % Efficient 10% Efficient 10,000 1, % 10%

Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic __________ Eukaryotic __________ Lack a nucleusHave a nucleus Bacteria and cyanobacteriaTypical plant and animal cells

Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic White Blood Cell Prokaryotic Bacterial Cell Pseudopod or “false foot” created by cytoplasmic streaming

Plant Cells Versus Animal Cells Nucleus Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

Plant Cells Versus Animal Cells Nucleus Mitochondrion Cell wall Chloroplast Vacuole

A Plant Cell Cell membrane Cell wallVacuole

Mitochondrion Site of? Most of the ATP in cellular respiration is made here C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP Cellular respiration or aerobic energy production 12 Food and O 2 Water, CO 2, and ATP

Choloroplasts: The Site Of? 1 2 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide and waterGlucose and oxygen

12 Cilia Flagellum on sperm cell

Cell Secretion is called? Exocytosis

Cell Eating is called? Phagocytosis

Diffusion The movement of __________ from a region of ______concentration to a region of ______concentration The driving force for diffusion is Brownian movement Diffusion stops at ____________ any substance high low equilibrium

Osmosis The movement of _____ from a region of high ______ concentration to a region of low _____ concentration through a ____________________. water Selectively permeable membrane

Practice A is ____________ to B B is ____________ to A Solution A What is the percentage of : 1. Solute? 2. Solvent? 10% 90% hyposmotic hyperosmotic

Osmoregulation In Marine Fish 0.9% Salt 3.5% Salt The fish is ____________ to the sea water hyposmotic

Osmoregulation In Freshwater Fish 0.9% Salt 0.2% Salt The fish is _______________ to the water hyperosmotic

Modes of Heat Loss and Heat Gain Radiation Heat moving from a region of ________ to ________ Conduction Heat loss or gain from _______________ Convection Heat loss or gain due to water or _____ currents The still layer of air or water around any object is called the ____________ Evaporation: The most effective mode of heat loss for terrestrial animals high templow temp contact wind boundary layer

Ectothermic Versus Endothermic Mostly Poikilothermic _____ Metabolic Rate The primary source of body temperature is the __________ Mostly Homeothermic ____ Metabolic Rate The primary source of body temperature is ____________ Low High the environment metabolism