INTRODUCTION TO THE CELL

ANIMAL CELL - EUKARYOTIC

All living things are made up of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells THE CELL

1. PROKARYOTES BACTERIAL CELLS SINGLED CELLED NO NUCLEUS SIMPLER ORGANISMS

2. EUKARYOTES ANIMALS AND PLANTS HAS NUCLEUS AND COMPARTMENTALIZED ORGANELLES MORE ADVANCED THAN PROKARYOTES

ORGANELLES MEMBRANE BOUND CELL COMPARTMENT LITTLE ORGANS ORGAN IS TO BODY AS ORGANELLE IS TO CELL

CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE) “SKIN” OF THE CELL PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER SEMI-PERMEABLE ABLE TO REGULATE WHAT GOES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL

CELL MEMBRANE 15 8

CYTOPLASM GELATINOUS LIQUID SURROUNDING THE ORGANELLES

CYTOPLASM 15 8

NUCLEUS “BRAIN” OF THE CELL HOLDS GENETIC INFORMATION - CHROMATIN

NUCLEOLUS PRODUCES RIBOSOMAL RNA LOCATED INSIDE THE NUCLEUS

NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUS CHROMATIN

RIBOSOMES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MADE OF RNA AND PROTEINS (NOT MEMBRANE BOUND THUS NOT AN ORGANELLE)

RIBOSOMES 15 8

MITOCHONDRIA POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL PRODUCES ATP PRIMARY ENERGY FOR CELL EVOLVED FROM A BACTERIAL CELL HAS ITS OWN DNA AS LARGE AS A BACTERIA CELL! LARGEST ORGANELLE IN ANIMAL CELL.

MITOCHONDRIA 15 8

TITLE: PLANT CELL - EUKARYOTIC Vesicle G Cytoskeleton Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Golgi Apparatus Central

CELL WALL – PLANTS (AND SOME BACTERIA) RIGID STRUCTURE SURROUNDING CELL MEMBRANE MADE OF CELLULOSE PROTECTS MEMBRANE AND ALLOWS PLANTS TO GROW TALL.

CHLOROPLAST FOUND IN PLANTS, SOME BACTERIA AND ALGAE PERFORMS PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GIVES GREEN COLOR

VACUOLES THE “STOMACH” OF THE CELL DIGESTION AND STORAGE CREATES TURGOR PRESSURE PLANTS = LARGE ANIMAL = SMALL

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM EXTENTION OF THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE SMOOTH ER AND ROUGH ER (HAS RIBOSOMES) PROCESSES PROTEINS AND LIPIDS

SMOOTH ER ROUGH ER 8

GOLGI BODY/APPARATUS “POST OFFICE” OF THE CELL PACKAGES CELL MOLECULES FOR TRANSPORT

GOLGI BODY SECRETORY VESICLES 15 8

LYSOSOMES “DUMP TRUCKS” OF THE CELL DIGESTS, KILLS AND TRANSPORTS WASTE

LYSOSOMES 15 8

CENTRIOLES SEPARATES CHROMOSOMES DURING CELL DIVISION

CENTRIOLES 15 8

MICROFILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL MOVEMENT CYTOSKELETON

15 8

PILI, FLAGELLA, AND CILIA STRUCTURES ON THE OUTSIDE OCILLATES TO MOVE CELL

FLAGELLA 15 8

PROKARYOTES REMEMBER – NO NUCLEUS OR ORGANELLES! 1.CELL WALL 2.CAPSULE 3.CELL MEMBRANE 4.NUCLEOID – region with genetic material 5.RIBOSOMES 6.PILI 7.FLAGELLA