Discovering Cells

Review Facts About Living Things

What Are the Main Characteristics of organisms? 1.Living thing need MATERIALS and ENERGY 2.REPRODUCE (species) 3.GROWTH 4.DEVELOPMENT 5.Made of CELLS 6.RESPOND to environment 7.ADAPTED to their environment

What are cells? Smallest or most basic unit of living things Cells are alive.

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

How do we see cells? The invention of the microscope made it possible for scientist to see cells.

The Microscope A microscope is an instrument that makes small things look large.

A simple microscope has one lens. A compound microscope has more than one lens.

First to View Cells In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork (dead plant cell walls) What he saw looked like small boxes

CELL THEORY All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism (basic unit of life) Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells (cell division)

11 Cell Size and Types Cells, the basic units of organisms, can only be observed under microscope Three Basic types of cells include: Animal CellPlant Cell Bacterial Cell copyright cmassengale

12 Number of Cells Although ALL living things are made of cells, organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize into tissues, etc. copyright cmassengale

13 Which Cell Type is Larger? _________ > _____________ > ___________ Plant cellAnimal cellbacteria copyright cmassengale

14 Prokaryotes – The first Cells Cells that lack a nucleus or membrane- bound organelles Includes bacteria Simplest type of cell Single, circular chromosome copyright cmassengale

15 Eukaryotes Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals More complex type of cells copyright cmassengale

Eukaryotes Two most common types of eukaryotic cells we will study are: Animal CellsPlant Cells

Cell structure and function Parts of the Cell to Know!!

Go to Section: Animal Cell Cell Membrane

1.Cell Membrane –Nickname: “Doorway” –Thin structure that surrounds the cell. –Function: allows things in and out of the cell

Go to Section: Animal Cell Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

2.Cytoplasm - jelly-like substance inside the cell 2.Function: holds every thing in place

Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

3. Nucleus –Nickname: “The Control Center” –Function: holds the DNA –Parts: 1.Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

Section 7-2 Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

4. Ribosomes –Function: makes proteins –Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) –Nickname: “Roads” –Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

Section 7-2 Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum –2 Types: 1.Rough ER: –Rough appearance because it has ribosomes –Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes 2.Smooth ER: –NO ribosomes –Function: makes fats or lipids

Section 7-2 Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi bodies Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

6. Golgi Bodies –Nickname: The shippers –Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell –Appearance: stack of pancakes

Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) –Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” –Function: They dispose of all wastes in the cell and destroy old cells

Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

6.Mitochondria –Nickname: “The Powerhouse” –Function: Makes Energy Breaks down food to make ATP –ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole

7.Vacuoles -Nickname: “Storage tanks” -Function: stores water This is what makes lettuce crisp –When there is no water, the plant wilts *Small vacuoles are found in animal cells and store food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc

Section 7-2 Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts

8.Chloroplasts - Nickname: “Energy producers” –Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell –Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Chloroplasts

Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall

9.Cell Wall - Nickname: “The fence” –Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane –Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells PlantAnimal

Organization Levels of Life Atoms to Organisms

ATOMS Nonliving Levels   MOLECULESORGANELLES Smallest unit of matter 2 or more atoms bound together Made of atoms and molecules

CELLS – life starts here Basic unit of structure and function in living things TISSUES – Similar cells working together to carry out a special job Living Levels  

ORGANS ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM Different tissues working together Different organs working together   More Living Levels Different organ systems working together