Functions Enzymes – organic catalysts Structural – skin, hair, muscle Antibodies Hormones.

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Presentation transcript:

Functions Enzymes – organic catalysts Structural – skin, hair, muscle Antibodies Hormones

Amino Acids

Amino Acid Structure Central carbon Amino group Carboxyl group Functional group

Different Amino Acids

Formation of Peptide Bonds

Lactase

Anti-freeze protein

Peptide bonds Water is formed when two amino acids are joined Known as a peptide bond Proteins are also known as peptides

Protein Structure Extremely important in determining the shape of the protein Shape determines function Four levels of structure

Primary (1°) structure Sequence of amino acids

Secondary (2°) Structure Local structure (Alpha) α-helices (Beta) ß-pleated sheets Random coil

Tertiary (3°) Structure Protein Folding Controlled by cysteine bridges/disulfide bonds

Quarternary (4°) Structure Assembly of subunits

Antibody

Insulin

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Glucose Pump

Actin