Federal Political Contributors, by Income and Region, Canada, 1988 Contributors/10,000 tax filers Income group Region

PoliticalApathy and Cynicism, by Annual Household Income, Canada, 1997 Political Apathy and Cynicism, by Annual Household Income, Canada, 1997 I have low interest in politics. Annual Household Income Percent The government doesn’t care what people like me think. I did not vote in the 1997 federal election.

How Right Are Canada’s Political Parties? Right Index

Party Support by Household Income, Canada, 1997 Household Income Percent

% non- agricultural workforce unionized socialist share of government % of national income to top 10% income earners % poor Two mainly socialist countries (e.g., Sweden) 68.5high Seven partly socialist countries (e.g., UK) 46.6medium Nine mainly non-socialist countries (e.g., Canada) 28.0low Consequences of Working Class Power in 18 Rich Countries, 1946–76

Voter Turnout, Canadian Federal Elections, Trend line Voters as Per cent of Eligible Voters Note: If the trend in voter turnout continues to decline at the rate, a minority of the voting age population will vote in a federal election around 2016.

Global Trends in Violent Conflict, Note: Data are for 158 countries with populations of at least 500,000 with 500 or more deaths directly related to war between 1946 and The magnitude of armed conflict is determined by the total number of combatants and casualties, the size of the area and dislocated populations, and the extent of infrastructure damage for each year the war is active.

The Risk of War, 2002 low Immediate risk of war in a country’s territory mediumhigh Note: Data in this map are for 158 countries with populations of at least 500,000 with 500 or more deaths directly related to war between 1946 and A country’s chance of avoiding war on its own territory is high if a country has no recent history of armed conflict, lacks or manages internal groups that wish to break away and form their own country, maintains stable and equitable democratic institutions, is well to do, and is free of serious external threats. Assign- ing a number to each of these factors and adding the numbers for each country yields a figure suggesting the risk of war breaking out in the territory of each country. Dividing the country scores into three categories (low-, medium-, and high-risk) and assigning different colors to each category allows us to create this world map. The 34 red-flagged countries, most in Africa, are at serious risk of war. Examples are Pakistan, Algeria, and Nigeria. The 50 yellow-flagged countries, among them India, China, and Russia, are at moderate risk of war. The 74 green-flagged countries, including most of Western Europe and North and South America, are at low risk of war. Of course, countries that avoid war on their own territory may nonetheless engage in war elsewhere, the United States being the prime example. Since 1850, the United States has intervened militarily in other countries more than once a year on average.

Type of Government by Income Category, 1990s Income Category Percent

Casualties Due to International Terrorist Attacks, Year Casulaties Percent of casualties in Asia and Africa % % % % % % % Trend line Note: Title 22 of the United States Code defines terrorism as “premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombatant targets [including unarmed or off duty military personnel] by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.” However, a broader definition would include the use by states of indiscriminate violence against civilians in order to achieve military and political goals. Moreover, the label “terror” is subject to interpretation. What one side in a conflict would call terror might be regarded by the other side as legitimate resistance to occupation, as well as ethnic, religious or national oppression.