The digital divide: how to improve the situation ? Vincent Breton Institut des Grilles du CNRS LPC Clermont-Ferrand 1 Credit: L. Maigne, P. de Vlieger, A. da Costa

2 World digital inclusion (

Priorities for addressing the digital divide enable the national research and education communities to connect to the global dedicated research and education network infrastructure deploy advanced collaborative services on top of the network integrate national efforts into sustainable regional infrastructures and foster collaboration and interoperability to encourage inclusiveness Conclusions of the Sharing Knowledge Workshop, March 2010, Dead Sea

enable the national research and education communities to connect to the global dedicated research and education network infrastructure deploy advanced collaborative services on top of the network integrate national efforts into sustainable regional infrastructures and foster collaboration and interoperability to encourage inclusiveness

The network connections of the Mediterranean and African countries are improving, but many administrative and political obstacles exist, according to the experience of local researchers Raising the awareness of the need and impact of telecom regulations reform and enforcement through internal and external channels should be a priority for policy makers in order to develop networks within these regions exemplary approach of Jordan authorities Recommendations related to networking

Network Update EUMEDCONNECT provides the only R&E links to GEANT: 7 MED countries 700 academic and research sites 2m + users Still 34 – 155 Mbps capacities Telco markets are still largely uncompetitive

Priorities identified at Sharing Knowledge Foundation workshop enable the national research and education communities to connect to the global dedicated research and education network infrastructure deploy advanced collaborative services on top of the network integrate national efforts into sustainable regional infrastructures and foster collaboration and interoperability to encourage inclusiveness

From a single PC to a grid Farm of PCs Example: Novartis Examples: Decrypthon World Community Grid Example: EGEE Entreprise grid: mutualization of ressources in a company Volunteer computing: CPU cycles made available by PC owners Grid infrastructure: Internet + disk and storage resources + services for information management ( data collection, transfer and analysis)

What is the Grid? 9 The World Wide Web provides seamless access to information that is stored in many millions of different geographical locations In contrast, the Grid is a new computing infrastructure which provides seamless access to computing power, data and other resources distributed over the globe The name Grid is chosen by analogy with the electric power grid: plug-in to computing power without worrying where it comes from, like a toaster

The grid added value for international collaboration Grids offer unprecedented opportunities for sharing information and resources world-wide To change: View -> Header and Footer 10 Grids are unique tools for : -Collecting and sharing information -Networking experts -Mobilizing resources routinely or in emergency

11 The Grid Paradigm On-demand creation of powerful virtual computing and data systems Grid: Flexible and High Performance access to (any kind of) resources Sensor nets Web: Uniform Access to Information and Documents Data Stores Computers Software catalogs Colleagues

Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI EGEE Bob Jones - EGEE09 12 ~13,000 users 140,000 LCPUs (cores) 260+ sites 25Pb disk 39Pb tape 12 million jobs/month +45% in one year

Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI User Communities (in 2009) Bob Jones - EGEE09 13 DomainVOsUsers AstroPhy & Astronomy Comp Chem 4347 Comp Sci 421 Earth Sci 7142 Fusion 268 High Energy Phys Life Sci 9379 “Regional” Other TOTAL >13000 Registered Users Consistent doubling every months. High Energy Physics largest users / contributors Growing contributions from other disciplines Accounting Portal: CIC Portal:

World LHC Computing Grid 14 Source: EGEE Accounting Portal

The French National Grid Initiative Legal framework: Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique (Scientific Interest Group) Partners: Ministère de la Recherche, CNRS, CEA, RENATER, INRIA, INRA, CPU et INSERM Mandate Operate a national production grid infrastructure Foster its adoption by scientific user communities Develop collaboration between grid users and HPC computer scientists Community around Grid5000/ALADDIN research grid Budget: multiannual dedicated funding from the French Ministry of Research (TGIR program) 1M€ in 2010 for equipment and travel funds Web site: (from May 31st)

Are grids only for rich countries ? Grids are powerful instruments to address digital divide Clouds are not ! All grid users access the same services and resources Requirement: an access point (or User Interface) to the grid There are two conditions Network connectivity Training of local users and administrators 16

Other grid infrastructures around the world 17

Enabling Grids for E-sciencE EGEE-II INFSO-RI Bob Jones - EGEE09 Training events

19 The EPIKH Project ( “Exchange Programme to advance e-Infrastructure Know-How” (EPIKH) EU FP7- Marie Curie Actions – People - International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES) Consortium “numbers”: 23 partners; 18 countries; 4 continents (Africa, Latin America, Asia, Europe); 115 persons involved; >650 researcher-months; >500 secondments; Duration: March, 1, 2009 – February, 28, 2013 (48 months) EC contribution: 1,188,000 €

20 The EPIKH Partners Partners in common with EUMEDGRID-Support

21 The EPIKH goals Strategic aims: Reinforce the impact of e-Infrastructures in scientific research defining and delivering stimulating programme of educational events, including Grid Schools and High Performance Computing courses; Broaden the engagement in e-Science activities and collaborations both geographically and across disciplines. Specific actions: Spreading the knowledge about the “Grid Paradigm” to all potential users: both system administrators and application developers through an extensive training programme; Easing the access of the trained people to the e-Infrastructures existing in the areas of action of the project; Fostering the establishment of scientific collaborations among the countries/continents involved in the project.

Cairo, EUMEDGRID-Support Kick-off Meeting, EPIKH secondments’ programme 1 st Phase: Non-EU → EU (selected) Res. Programs 2 nd Phase: EU → Non-EU Grid Schools (with 1 st phase tutors) Workshops

23 Grants and applications (wiki.epikh.eu) The call for applications is open !

Priorities identified at Sharing Knowledge Foundation workshop enable the national research and education communities to connect to the global dedicated research and education network infrastructure deploy advanced collaborative services on top of the network integrate national efforts into sustainable regional infrastructures and foster collaboration and interoperability to encourage inclusiveness

The EUMedGrid-Support project Support Action co-funded by European Commission under: Capacities specific program - Research Infrastructures - FP7- INFRASTRUCTURES Project ID Duration: 24 months Start: 1 st January 2010 Budget (EU contribution): 740 k€ Budget (Total): 867 k€

Project Partners 14 Partners + 2 Third Parties from 13 Countries

The EUMEDGRID e-Infrastructure March 2008: 25 EUMEDGRID sites deployed in 13 countries, for a total of 1800 connected Servers and about 84 TBs of storage capacity

Objectives & Strategic Lines Support the consolidation and expansion of the EUMEDGRID Infrastructure with a special emphasis on sustainability. Top-Down approach: High Level Policy Dissemination Involve institutions and ministries to include eInfrastructures in the political agenda Bottom-Up approach: Create a Two Levels network of Competence Centres Involve new user communities Strongly cooperate with other projects and initiatives relevant for the Mediterranean Create critical mass to exploit the available resources and build consensus.

A few examples of scientific collaborations on grids in life sciences

How grids can help medical development 30 Improve the ability to undertake health innovation Strengthen the integration of life science research laboratories in the world community Provide access to resources Provide access to bioinformatics services Contribute to the development and deployment of new drugs and vaccines Improve collection of epidemiological data for research (modeling, molecular biology) Improve the deployment of clinical trials on plagued areas Speed-up drug discovery process (in silico virtual screening) Improve disease monitoring Monitor the impact of policies and programs Monitor drug delivery and vector control Improve epidemics warning and monitoring system

FLEXX/ AUTODOCK AMBER CHIMERA WET LABORATORY Molecular docking Molecular dynamics Complex visualization in vitro tests in vivo tests Grid-enabled in silico drug discovery 20% success rate for in vitro tests 1 Million drug-like chemical compounds drug-like compounds 1000 drug-like compounds 100 drug-like compounds 31 Cost for in silico experiment: 100 CPU Years Cost for in vitro tests: 1-10$ per compound

WISDOM Wisdom-I Malaria Plasmepsin DataChallenge Avian Flu Neuraminidase Wisdom-II Malaria 4 targets DataChallenge Diabetes Alpha-amylase, maltase EGEE, Auvergrid, TwGrid, EELA, EuChina, EuMedGrid Embrace EGEE BioInfoGrid GRIDS EUROPEAN PROJECTSINSTITUTES SCAI, CNU Academica Sinica of Taiwan ITB, Unimo Univ,, LPC, CMBA CERN-Arda, Healthgrid, KISTI 2009 More than 15 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals 5 patents on molecules 32

WISDOM partners 33 Univ. Los Andes: Biological targets, Malaria biology LPC Clermont- Ferrand: Biomedical grid SCAI Fraunhofer: Knowledge extraction, Chemoinformatics Univ. Modena: Biological targets, Molecular Dynamics ITB CNR: Bioinformatics, Molecular modelling Univ. Pretoria: Bioinformatics, Malaria biology Academica Sinica: Grid user interface HealthGrid: Biomedical grid, Dissemination CEA, Acamba project: Biological targets, Chemogenomics Chonnam Nat. Univ. In vitro tests KISTI Grid technology 33

Discovering new drugs in Vietnam Local DataBase of Natural chemical products extracted from local biodiversity Local DataBase of Natural chemical products extracted from local biodiversity Hanoï INPC PDB database > D structures including biological targets for cancer, malaria, AIDS... Question: are these products potentially active against cancer, malaria, AIDS ? Answer: focussed list of biological targets on which the compound is most active in silico 34

Monitoring the evolution of influenza viruses Grid DataBase Daily download Daily updated data on virus evolution Grid DataBase Local database of influenza genome sequences Phylogenetic analysis Virtual screening New candidate drugs Grid DB parsing NCBI International database of influenza genome sequences 35

Conclusion Addressing digital divide is a complex task Important efforts committed by the European Commission in the field of networks and grids Opportunities to do science differently or at a larger scale using grid infrastructures High energy physics, Life sciences and health, Earth sciences, Climate change High Energy Physics can play a leading role as it does in Europe CNRS will pursue active collaboration with Mediterranean countries Already active collaborations on grids with african countries (Senegal, South Africa) Involvment in EUMedGrid-Support and EPIKH through Institut des Grilles

joint EUMEDGRID-Support/EPIKH training & dissemination events in Alger Joint EUMEDGRID-Support/EPIKH School for Grid Site Admnistrators, June, 27 - July, 1, d=3202) Joint EUMEDGRID-Support/EPIKH School for Application Porting, July, 3-14, d=3193) EPIKH Workshop, July, 15, d=329

Suggestion: an open source toolkit for the modelling of climate change Background: polemics on climate change « Last » episod: climategate Beyond polemics: lack of consistency between existing models Proposal: build an open source toolkit for the modelling of climate Added value of the open source approach Common tool Transparency Potential consensus Grid added value: distributed data collection 38

Grids are learning to speak to each other Grids have different operating systems or middlewares EGEE has glite Open Science Grid (USA) has Globus Japanese grid has Naregi Most desktop grids use Boinc Progress with technology opens doors to interoperability of grids

EPIKH school