IPC Notes Parts of the Periodic Table. REVIEW: The atom is the smallest part of an element that retains its properties. It is made of mostly empty space,

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Presentation transcript:

IPC Notes Parts of the Periodic Table

REVIEW: The atom is the smallest part of an element that retains its properties. It is made of mostly empty space, with the majority of the mass concentrated in the middle (the nucleus). The nucleus contains the positively charged protons and the neutral neutrons. The electrons are situated outside of the nucleus in the empty space.

Atomic Number The atomic number of an element tells you the number of protons in the nucleus. Because atoms are electrically neutral, the number of protons will be the same as the number of electrons. Each element has a different atomic number. Atomic number

Answer the following What element has atomic number 32? How many protons does helium have? What element has 79 protons? What is uranium’s atomic number? How many electrons does calcium have?

Mass number Most of the mass of an atom is in the nucleus; so much that the electrons can be neglected. The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. If you know the mass number and the atomic number, you can determine the composition of an atom. # of neutrons = mass number – atomic number # of neutrons = mass number – atomic number

Mass number, cont’d. Composition can be written in shorthand by putting the symbol for the element with the mass number and atomic number to the left. C 12 6 Or, the mass number and chemical element can designate atoms, such as in: Carbon-12

Answer the following How many neutrons are in potassium-39? How many protons are in lead-208? If an element has 22 protons and 26 neutrons, what is its mass number? What element is in the previous question?

Isotopes Atoms of the same element always have the same number of protons, but can have different numbers of neutrons. Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called isotopes. Isotopes are chemically alike, because it is the protons which are responsible for the chemical behavior.

What is the difference between iodine- 127 and iodine-125? What 3 numbers do isotopes of the same element have in common? What 2 numbers are different in isotopes of the same element? Answer the following

Periodic Table Arrangement The periodic table is arranged in groups (columns) and periods (rows). The periodic table groups are often separated into A and B group elements with Roman Numerals. The periodic table periods are written as normal numbers 1-7.

What element is in group IVA and period 2? What element is in group VIIIA and period 3? What element is in group VIIA and period 5? Answer the following