Sonnets of the Renaissance: Petrarchan (Italian) and Shakespearean (English)
Sonnet 14 line lyric poem written in iambic pentameter A very specific rhyme scheme 2 types –Petrarchan (Italian) –Shakespearean (English) *Sonnets are one of the most difficult poems for a poet to master because of its rigid structure – a strict pattern of rhythm and rhyme
Lyric poem Deals with emotions and feelings
Iambic pentameter Poetry with 10 beats per line, alternating stressed and unstressed syllables U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / One day I wrote her name u pon the strand, U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / But came the waves and wash ed it a way: U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / A gain I wrote it with a sec ond hand, U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / U / But came the tide, and made my pains his prey
Rhyme scheme Pattern of lowercase letters that shows which lines of a poem have similar end rhymes Mary had a little lamb Its fleece was white as snow Everywhere that Mary went The lamb was sure to go
Petrarchan Sonnet Originated in Italy Structure –Has 2 parts 8 line section (octave) 6 line section (sestet) –Volta – turn/ transition between the two parts Question-answer Problem-solution Theme-content Rhyme scheme –abba abba cd cd cd OR –abba abba cde cde Conceit – a metaphor or simile that makes a striking or fanciful comparison (describing beauty of women or pangs of love) e.g. hair of spun gold, lips of ruby
Characteristics of Petrarchan Sonnets first sight Unattainable object of love; unfulfilled love Lady is ideally beautiful Love as idolatry Suffering of lovers Poet acknowledges self as author Strict adherence to form
Shakespearean Sonnet Originated in England Structure –3 quatrains (4 lines section) –1 couplet (2 lines) Rhyme scheme –abab cdcd efef gg Lines 1-8 express the speaker’s conflict Lines 9-12 signal a turning point in the speaker’s thinking; a revelation Lines sum up the theme, the speaker’s final conclusion
Characteristics of Shakespearean Sonnets Shakespeare wrote 150+ sonnets –3 subjects of his sonnets 1 – The Fair Youth (Sonnets 1-126) 2 – The Rival Poet (Sonnets 78-86) 3 – The Dark Lady (Sonnets ) Sonnets often deal with the meaning of love, time, death, and the immortality of the written word.