Warm-up A patient goes to the dermatologist who finds 3 moles that are suspicious. She decides to take a biopsy of the moles. She must describe the location of the moles to the tech who will remove the tissue for biopsy. On your own paper define biopsy and its abbreviation. Describe the location of the moles.

Chapter 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease

Objectives Describe the anatomical position. Identify regions of the body. Define directional and positional terms. List the body cavities and their contents. Locate and describe the nine anatomical and four clinical divisions of the abdomen.

DEFINITIONS Anatomy – the study of the structures of the body (ex.- names of bones) Physiology – the study of the functions of these structures (ex.- role of bones in the musculoskeletal system)

ANATOMICAL POSITION ALL descriptions of the body are based on anatomical position. When referring to anatomical position, that means the person is: 1. Standing 2. Facing toward you 3. Arms at their sides 4. Palms toward you

Midsagittal equal Midsagittal (lateral) – lengthwise plane that divides the body into equal right and left sides Sagittal unequal Sagittal (lateral) – divides the body into unequal right and left sides PLANES OF THE BODY

Frontal Frontal (coronal) - plane that divides the body into front and back portions PLANES OF THE BODY

Transverse Transverse (horizontal) - plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions PLANES OF THE BODY

Time to Practice With your partner, write the names of the planes on the masking tape X2. Tape the Planes on your partners body

POSITIONAL & DIRECTIONAL TERMS Anterior – situated in front Ventral-front or belly side Posterior- situated in back Dorsal- back of the body

POSITIONAL & DIRECTIONAL TERMS  Superior – above, toward the head  Cephalic – toward the head  Inferior – below, toward the feet  Caudal – toward lower part of body

 Proximal – near the midline or beginning of a structure  Distal – farthest from midline or beginning of a structure  Medial – toward, near the midline  Lateral – away from the midline POSITIONAL & DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Time to Practice Write the position and directional terms on the notecards with arrows. Anterior (ventral)Posterior(dorsal) Superior (cephalic) Inferior(caudal) ProximalDistal MedialLateral Now using the masking tape, place the cards on your partner indicating the direction.

BODY CAVITIES Spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs

BODY CAVITIES Spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs Dorsal Cavities (back of the body): Cranial - contains brain, pituitary gland Spinal - nerves, spinal cord

BODY CAVITIES Ventral Cavities (front of the body): Thoracic - contains heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus, aorta Abdominal - stomach, small & large intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder Pelvic - portion of large & small intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters, uterus, vagina

Divisions of Abdominal cavity The peritoneum is a membrane surrounding the organs in the abdominal cavity. The retroperitoneal (retro- = behind) area is behind the peritoneum and contains the kidneys. BODY CAVITIES

Abdomin/o/pelv/ic area is divided into four quadrants Assessment findings, organs, etc… are described by the quadrant they are located in RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ DIVISIONS OF THE ABDOMEN LUQ – left upper quadrant LLQ – left lower quadrant

ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS Named for the PATIENT’s side of body (i.e. his right or left, NOT yours)

Time to Practice!!! You will be divided into groups. In your group, create a fictional medical story using the following guidelines: must use one “plane” of the body must use four position or directional terms must contain two ventral cavity organs must contain one quadrant and one abdominopelvic region Present your story to the class in the form of a skit. You will have 20 minutes to prepare your story & skit.