15:1d Canada

15:1a Canada : ● After World War II Canada’s economy boomed and immigration increased. ● From 1949 to 1984 Canada gradually introduced universal health care. ● Prime Minister John Diefenbaker’s “One Canada” program and the Vietnam War strained U.S.-Canadian relations. ● In 1969 the national government officially adopted bilingualism. New Brunswick is the only official bilingual province. UNIT 15: POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE AMERICAS AFTER WORLD WAR II

1963 Lester Pearson and Liberal Party win elections because of discontent with Difenbaker Pearson wins Nobel Peace Prize for his actions during the Suez Canal Crisis (before he was PM) He puts nuclear warheads on missiles in Canada and improves US- Canadian relations 1968 Pearson retires and Pierre Trudeau from Quebec becomes PM Parliament passes Official Languages Act in 1969—If 10% of population speaks a second language then all government services would be provided in both languages This was an attempt to quell rising French separatism in Quebec Canadian Bacon

● The “quiet revolution” that began in the 1960s secularized Québec and increased the sense of separatism among the Québécois. ● During the 1960s the Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ) conducted terrorist activities in Québec. ● Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau moved troops into Québec and destroyed the FLQ. ● Beginning in 1974 the Québec government began restricting the use of any language besides French. Many non-French speakers left the province. 15:1b Canada : Pierre Trudeau Troops in Quebec

15:1c Canada : ● The Québec government refused to negotiate with the national government on independence and in 1995 a referendum on independence failed by less than 1%. The “Clarity Act” stated that Québec could not become independent without a “clear majority” voting for it. ● The 1982 Constitution protects French and British language rights. ● The 1993 NAFTA increased trade with the U.S. Canadians are concerned about the impact of “Americanization” on their economy and society. PM Jean ChrétienPM Paul Martin