Civil Liberties & Civil Rights

The U.S. Constitution guarantees the civil rights and protects the individual liberties of all American citizens

Essential Questions:  How does the Constitution protect the civil rights and civil liberties of Americans?  How does the Constitution limit the actions of government?

Chapter 10 & 11 Notes Outline: Civil Liberties & Civil Rights “Equal laws, protecting equal rights, are…the best guarantee of loyalty and love of country.” -James Madison, 1820 What protects our rights? -Answer: The Bill of Rights (First 10 amendments); both civil liberties and civil rights are protected civil liberties - civil liberties : basic freedoms to think and to act that all people have and that are protected against govt. abuse civil rights - civil rights : rights of fair and equal status and treatment and the right to participate in govt.

Amendments 1-10: 1 st ………freedom speech, religion, expression 2 nd ……..right to bear arms 3 rd ……..prevents govt. from housing troops 4 th ………prevent illegal search and seizure 5 th ………protects people accused of a crime (grand jury, due process) 6 th protects people accused of a crime (trial by jury) 7 th ………guarantees trial by jury 8 th ………protects against cruel and unusual punishment 9 th ………protects other rights not mentioned in Constitution 10 th …….powers not given to federal govt. reserved for states/people

Freedom of religion?…to an extent

Limits on freedoms: Slander-spoken defamatory statement Libel-defamation in print form Treason-crime of making war against the U.S. or giving “aid and comfort” to its enemies Sedition-speech or actions that inspire revolt against the govt. Big Brother is watching….. Protecting individual liberties: government surveillance How does the artist feel about the NSA’s warrantless surveillance program? Big Brother

Due process of law: The government must act fairly and reasonably in accordance with established laws Crime and Punishment: Types of law: civil law (property/relationships), criminal law Miranda v. Arizona (1966): protects the rights of criminal suspects during police interrogations. Suspects in police custody must be informed of their rights before questioning -they have the right to remain silent -anything they say can be used against them in court -they have the right to have an attorney present -if they cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for them miranda vs arizona Punishment: excessive fines, cruel/unusual punishment, capital punishment

The U.S. Constitution grants American citizens rights and responsibilities.

Essential Questions:  How has the meaning of civil rights changed over time?  How does the federal government regulate citizenship?

Civil Rights Right to be treated equally regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, etc. Right to equal opportunities in voting and running for political office Pattern of Discrimination U.S. has a history of inequality and unfair treatment - prejudice : negative opinion formed without just grounds - racism : discrimination and unfair treatment based on race 1. African Americans 2. Native Americans 3. Asian Americans 4. Hispanics 5. Women

-14 th Amendment or equal protection clause  requires states to apply the law the same way for one person that they would for another person in the same circumstances -segregation: separation of racial groups -Jim Crow Laws: segregation laws passed in the late 1800s and early 1900s aimed mainly at African Americans -Plessy v. Ferguson: separate but equal; policy that laws requiring separate facilities for racial groups could be legal so long as the facilities were “equal” thus sanctioning racial discrimination -de jure segregation: segregation by law -de facto segregation: segregation in fact -Brown v. Board of Education: desegregation of public schools

Civil Rights Movement Highlights 1955: Rosa Parks & Montgomery Bus Boycott 1963: “I Have a Dream Speech”—MLK 1965: march from Selma to Montgomery, AL Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights Act of 1960 Civil Rights Act of 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1968 Women -Equal Pay Act of : Roe v. Wade—women have constitutionally protected right to an abortion -affirmative action -reverse discrimination -quota

Citizenship & Immigration -jus soli: citizenship by birthplace -jus sanguinis: citizenship by parentage (born on foreign soil to parents who are U.S. citizens) -naturalization: legal process by which an immigrant becomes a citizen; here are the requirements: 1. period of continuous lawful residence and physical presence in the U.S. 2. ability to read, write, and speak English 3. good moral character 4. a belief in the principles of the U.S. Constitution 5. a favorable disposition toward the U.S. -losing citizenship: denaturalization, expatriation -illegal immigration: undocumented alien, deportation