Texas Culture and Diversity Chapter 1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES LO 1.1Analyze the relationships among Texas political culture, its politics, and its public policies. LO 1.2Differentiate among the various types of state political cultures and the attributes that describe the major Texas regions. LO 1.3Analyze Texans’ political struggles over equal rights and evaluate their success in Texas politics today and in their impact on the state’s political future. LO 1.4Apply what you have learned about Texas political culture. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2

POLITICAL CULTURE, PUBLIC OPINION, AND PUBLIC POLICY Ideology Conservative Texas liberals Partisanship Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 Describe the policy differences between Texas conservative and liberal ideologies.

TEXANS’ IDEOLOGY AND PARTISANSHIP Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 4

POLITICAL CULTURE, PUBLIC OPINION, AND PUBLIC POLICY Public Opinion Texans hold conservative views regarding state taxes and social policies. Majority of Texans oppose spending cuts to state programs Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 5 Explain how Texans’ support for spending and opposition to taxes complicate policy making.

POLITICAL CULTURE, PUBLIC OPINION, AND PUBLIC POLICY Public Policy Conservative opinions regarding policy Low taxes Few financial resources committed to public services Traditional values Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 6

TYPES OF POLITICAL CULTURES AND TEXAS’S POLITICAL REGIONS State Political Cultures Daniel Elazar’s subcultures Moralistic Individualistic Traditionalistic Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 7

TYPES OF POLITICAL CULTURES AND TEXAS’S POLITICAL REGIONS Political Culture and Political Participation Texas: mix of traditional and individualistic cultures Culture varies by region Low voter turnout Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8

TEXAS POLITICAL CULTURE Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 9

TYPES OF POLITICAL CULTURES AND TEXAS’S POLITICAL REGIONS Texas Cultural Regions East Texas The Gulf Coast A Boom Based in Houston Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10

TYPES OF POLITICAL CULTURES AND TEXAS’S POLITICAL REGIONS Texas Cultural Regions (cont.) South Texas Ranchero culture Creoles Mestizos The Valley (of the Rio Grande) Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 11

TYPES OF POLITICAL CULTURES AND TEXAS’S POLITICAL REGIONS Texas Cultural Regions (cont.) Far West Texas The Texas Border Maquiladoras NAFTA Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12

TYPES OF POLITICAL CULTURES AND TEXAS’S POLITICAL REGIONS Texas Cultural Regions (cont.) Immigration and National Security German Hill Country West Texas Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13

TYPES OF POLITICAL CULTURES AND TEXAS’S POLITICAL REGIONS Texas Cultural Regions (cont.) The Panhandle North Texas The Metroplex Central Texas Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 14

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Texans Struggle for Equal Rights Female Texans Were not able to vote Were not able to serve on juries Retained some property rights Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 15 Describe legal restrictions on women before the suffrage movement. What explains the opposition to women’s right to vote?

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Texans Struggle for Equal Rights (cont.) Women’s Suffrage Movement Minnie Fisher Cunningham The Nineteenth Amendment The Marital Property Act Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 16

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Texans Struggle for Equal Rights (cont.) African Texans White primary Ku Klux Klan (KKK) NAACP Sweatt v. Painter United States v. Texas Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17

Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 18 Heman Sweatt successfully integrated Texas public law schools after the U.S. Supreme Court began to chip away at the “separate-but-equal” doctrine in the landmark case Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950). Sweatt v. Painter

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Texans Struggle for Equal Rights (cont.) Latino Texans Raymondville Peonage cases Hector Garcia and the American GI Forum Hernandez v. Texas Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 19 Why is it unconstitutional to deny a person the right to serve on a jury because of ethnicity?

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Texans Struggle for Equal Rights (cont.) Gay, Lesbian, and Transgendered Texans Lawrence v. Texas The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 20 How has Texas’s Southern conservative political culture resisted social change? Why have ethnic and sexual minorities sought remedy for discrimination in the U.S. Supreme Court, an institution outside the control of state politics?

KEY U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS PROTECTING TEXANS’ RIGHTS TO EQUALITY AND PRIVACY Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 21

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Cultural Diversity Today Demographics Texas one of the fastest-growing states Texas becoming more culturally diverse Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 22

TEXAS ETHNIC POPULATIONS, PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE, Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23

POLITICS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Cultural Diversity Today (cont.) Increasing diversity in Texas could impact: Politics Culture Voter participation Income and poverty Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 24

ETHNICITY, INCOME, AND POVERTY IN TEXAS Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 25

GOLDEN STATE EXODUS Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 26 Click on picture to view video

VIDEO QUESTIONS Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved What factors may contribute to lower unemployment rates in Texas? 2. Do you believe Texas’ diversity attracts more residents? Why or why not? 3. How does the political culture in Texas attract businesses and workers?