Electricity and its characteristics…  Conventional Flow theory states that flow of electrons is from positive to negative.(Accepted in the transportation industry)  Electron Flow theory states that the flow of electrons is from negative to positive.(Accepted in the electronics industry)  Electric current creates its own magnetic field around the wire.

Electricity and its characteristics…  The Hall Effect switch emits a voltage signal from the presence or absence of a magnetic field contacting a semiconductor material.  Voltage is the force that causes current to flow through an electrical conductor. Voltage is often referred to as the potential or force and is measured in volts. Voltage can be generated mechanically or chemically.

Electricity and its characteristics…  Current (amperes) is the flow of electrons through a conductor. Current is measured in units of amps. One ampere equals 6.28 billion electrons per second. Current is the amount or volume of electricity in the circuit.  Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electrical current by the conductor through which it is passing. Resistance is measured in units called Ohms. All conductors offer some type of resistance to the flow of current.

Electricity & circuits…  There are 5 parts to the basic circuit, the power source, a protection device, a control, (switch) a load, and the ground path.  Circuit types include series, parallel, and series parallel.

Voltage drop…  Before we go any further let's define what a "voltage drop“  A voltage drop is the amount the voltage lowers when crossing a component from the negative side to the positive side in a series circuit. If you placed a multimeter across a resistor, the voltage drop would be the amount of voltage you are reading. This is pictured with the red arrow in the diagram.

Series circuits characteristics… Series circuits - Have high circuit resistance - More than one load - One path for current flow - In a series circuit, the amperage at any point in the circuit is the same. - In a series circuit you will need to calculate the total resistance of the circuit in order to figure out the amperage. This is done by adding up the individual values of each component in series. - Voltage applied to a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual voltage drops. - The voltage drop across a resistor in a series circuit is directly proportional to the size of the resistor

Parallel circuit characteristics… Parallel circuits - Have low circuit resistance - More than one load - More than one current path - Voltage is the same across each component of the parallel circuit. - The sum of the currents through each path is equal to the total current that flows from the source. - If one of the parallel paths is broken, current will continue to flow in all the other paths.

Series-Parallel circuit characteristics… Series Parallel circuits - Have more than two loads - Some loads are connected in series - Some loads are connected in parallel

OHM’s law… Ohm's Law is used to show the relationship between the voltage, amps and ohm's measured in an electrical circuit. We can calculate an unknown value simply by placing the two known values in a mathematical equation.