States of Matter matterandchemistry/statesofmatter/

States of Matter The density of a material is its mass per unit of volume. Density depends partly on the mass of the particles in a substance and partly on how closely they are packed. Describe how the particles look to you in these three jars.

States of Matter Solid Particles are very close Attraction between particles is strongest of all states Particles vibrate in place. (Locked into a position)

States of Matter  Orderly  3-dimensional  pattern  No pattern  No order  They can be called supercooled liquids by some scientists. Examples: Diamond Ice Rubber Wax CrystallineAmorphous

States of Matter

Liquids  Change shape, not volume!  Atoms move faster than a solid.  Speed is what allows the particles to over come their attraction. They slide past each other.

States of Matter Gel is a liquid with particles of a solid suspended in it.  Elasticity  Bounce Some toothpastes are gels. Jello

States of Matter Why are liquids good for hydraulic systems? It’s hard to push the fast moving particles any closer, so it hard to change the volume! In hydraulic brakes, when you push on the petal the particles do not compress, but instead push out the brake pads=slows the car!

States of Matter Surface Tension Properties of liquids are caused by cohesion (force of attraction between the particles of a liquid) and adhesion(force of attraction of the liquid to other molecules) There are no particles above the surface of a liquid, therefore the surface particles cohere to the liquid below. This creates a surface tension!

States of Matter Viscosity Resistance of a liquid to flow. In general, the stronger the attraction the particles have to each other, the more viscous the liquid is! Honey is more viscous than milk

States of Matter Gases Change both shape and volume! Particles are extremely fast, so fast they break away from each other. There is empty space between them! Particles are less attracted to each other.

States of Matter The empty spaces between the particle of gases can change. That explains how the cylinder of helium can fill ~ 700 balloons!