CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBONS

Definitions Organic compound – a molecular compound of carbon Hydrocarbon – compounds that are formed from carbon and hydrogen Carbon and hydrogen account for 90% of all the biological matter on EARTH! Carbon and hydrogen account for 90% of all the biological matter on EARTH!

Natural Organic Compounds

Synthetic Organic Compounds Medicines - painkillers, cough syrup, antidepressants Medicines - painkillers, cough syrup, antidepressants Perfumes, food flavourings Perfumes, food flavourings Materials – rubber, plastic Materials – rubber, plastic Fabrics – nylon, polyester Fabrics – nylon, polyester

Sources of Hydrocarbons Wood Wood Fermentation of plants Fermentation of plants Fossil fuels Fossil fuels Petroleum (crude oil) – formed from the remains of marine-based microscopic plantsPetroleum (crude oil) – formed from the remains of marine-based microscopic plants Coal – formed from remains of land- based plantsCoal – formed from remains of land- based plants

Properties of Carbon 1. Carbon has four bonding electrons. 2. Carbon can form strong single, double, and triple bonds with itself. 3. Carbon atoms can bond together to form a variety of geometrical structures

Representing Structures and bonding 1. Expanded molecular formula Shows the groupings of atomsShows the groupings of atoms Example: propane – C 3 H 8, the chemical formula, does not show how atoms are bonded together -expanded molecular formula - CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 illustrates the atomic arrangement illustrates the atomic arrangement

Isomers Isomers – compounds that have the same formula, but different structural arrangement Isomers – compounds that have the same formula, but different structural arrangement Example: How many isomers are there for C 5 H 14 ? Answer: 5

2. Using structural models to represent Hydrocarbons o 3D representation of the structure of the compound

3. Using Structural Diagrams to represent hydrocarbons Complete structural diagram – shows how all atoms are bonded to one another Condensed Structural Diagram -shows bonds between the carbon atoms but not between the carbon and hydrogen atoms Line structural diagram - End of each line, and the points at which the lines meet, represent carbon atoms