The beginning of Rome Greeks and Etruscans

Rome and early settlers Around 1200 BCE, Indo Europeans settlers (language which developed into Latin) began arriving in the Italian peninsula.Around 1200 BCE, Indo Europeans settlers (language which developed into Latin) began arriving in the Italian peninsula. They settled in small scattered towns on the plains and began trading with their neighbors. They built a bridge over the Tiber to maintain good trade routes. Villages sprang up around the bridge and by around 800 BCE the villages had grown into a town ….Rome.

Rome and early settlers While the Latins were establishing their communities, two other influential groups occupied the peninsula:While the Latins were establishing their communities, two other influential groups occupied the peninsula: 1)The Greeks- Southern Italy and Sicily. These city-states were centers of learning, trade and commerce.1)The Greeks- Southern Italy and Sicily. These city-states were centers of learning, trade and commerce. The Greek Presence would have a profound influence on Roman Culture.The Greek Presence would have a profound influence on Roman Culture.

Origin of the Etruscans Z Between 1200 and 500 BCE Z Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor. Z Their land was called Etruria. Z Between 1200 and 500 BCE Z Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor. Z Their land was called Etruria.

TheLand of the EtruscansTheLand Etruscans

By 800 BCE they had established a number of city states ruled by kings ( like early Greek city –states).By 800 BCE they had established a number of city states ruled by kings ( like early Greek city –states). They developed a highly sophisticated society.They developed a highly sophisticated society. They were big into art- wall paintings, rock carvings, tomb carvings.They were big into art- wall paintings, rock carvings, tomb carvings.

EtruscansEtruscans

Etruscan Political System Z Independent, fortified city-states. Z Formed small confederacies. Z Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples. Z By 6c BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula, including Rome and the island of Corsica. Z Independent, fortified city-states. Z Formed small confederacies. Z Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples. Z By 6c BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula, including Rome and the island of Corsica.

Etruscan Writing ZMost inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors. ZWe can pronounce Etruscan words, because they use an alphabet similar to Greek, but we have no clue about their meaning. ZOver 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions. ZMost inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors. ZWe can pronounce Etruscan words, because they use an alphabet similar to Greek, but we have no clue about their meaning. ZOver 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.

Lemnos Stelae – 6c BCE

The Etruscan Alphabet

Etruscan Writing Tablet

Etruscan Religion ZPolytheistic. ZBelieved that the destiny of man was determined by the whims of the gods. ZBelieved in predestination. ZPolytheistic. ZBelieved that the destiny of man was determined by the whims of the gods. ZBelieved in predestination.

Reconstruction of an Etruscan Temple

Etruscan Cemetery

Etruscan Funeral & Tomb

Etruscan Tomb Wall & Tomb Fresco

Interior of an Etruscan Tomb

Sarcophagus of an Etruscan Couple

Etruscan Gold Jewelry

Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby in Swaddling Clothes

Etruscan Art ZArt created for religious or utilitarian purposes. ZMost famous pieces created out of terracotta. ZMany murals and frescoes on tomb walls. ZLively depictions of life—dancing, games, music, and feasting. ZPottery at first copies of Greek works. Later, created their own bronze pottery. ZBronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra]. ZArt created for religious or utilitarian purposes. ZMost famous pieces created out of terracotta. ZMany murals and frescoes on tomb walls. ZLively depictions of life—dancing, games, music, and feasting. ZPottery at first copies of Greek works. Later, created their own bronze pottery. ZBronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra].

Dance, Dance, Spin ! Double Flutist

An Etruscan Banquet

Etruscan Wrestlers

Etruscan Jars & Vases

Etruscan Bronzes

The Gate of Volterra: First known Archway in History!

Etruscan Military Bronze Warrior 6c BCE Chariot

The Roman Military was no match for Etruscans.The Roman Military was no match for Etruscans. EtruscansEtruscans A) Enforced compulsory military service training.A) Enforced compulsory military service training. B) Troops organized and experienced.B) Troops organized and experienced. RomansRomans A) Summoned men only when necessary.A) Summoned men only when necessary. B) Men had to supply own weapons.B) Men had to supply own weapons. C) Only wealthy aristocrats.C) Only wealthy aristocrats.

In 600 BCE, the Etruscans overpowered the Roman Soldiers.In 600 BCE, the Etruscans overpowered the Roman Soldiers. The Etruscan family ( Tarquin) ruled until 509 BCE.The Etruscan family ( Tarquin) ruled until 509 BCE. The last ruler was Tarquin the Proud, an oppressive king who opposed the wishes of the people and scorned religion.The last ruler was Tarquin the Proud, an oppressive king who opposed the wishes of the people and scorned religion. In a popular uprising, the Romans overthrew Tarquin the Proud and declared their independence.In a popular uprising, the Romans overthrew Tarquin the Proud and declared their independence.

This is important The period of Etruscans control ( 100yrs),had a major influence on the development of Rome.The period of Etruscans control ( 100yrs),had a major influence on the development of Rome. From the Etruscans, the Romans learned:From the Etruscans, the Romans learned: –How to use the arch –How to build huge aqueducts –How to build harbours, urban drainage systems and walled cities. –Metal skills.

This is important too! Many of the Etruscans religious beliefs became a part of Roman life.Many of the Etruscans religious beliefs became a part of Roman life. Romans took their alphabet from the Greeks and the Romans changed it to fit their own Latin Language.Romans took their alphabet from the Greeks and the Romans changed it to fit their own Latin Language. This alphabet formed the basis of the many written languages, including English, French, Italian and Spanish.This alphabet formed the basis of the many written languages, including English, French, Italian and Spanish. By the end of the Etruscans period, the Romans accepted the idea of a compulsory military service and had solidified their views of the government.By the end of the Etruscans period, the Romans accepted the idea of a compulsory military service and had solidified their views of the government. This paved the way for the Roman Republic.This paved the way for the Roman Republic.

Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of Rome Reign of Romulus BCE Numa Pompilius BCE Tullius Hostillius BCE Anchus Marcius BCE Lucius Tarquinian Priscus BCE Servius Tullius BCE Lucius Tarquinius Superbus BCE 509 BCE  Roman Revolt  Republic Established!

Questions How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome?How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? Why were the Etruscans overthrown from power?Why were the Etruscans overthrown from power?