The Middle Colonies

Also known as the “Bread Colonies” Milder winters than the New England colonies and an average growing season, great for growing grain. Full of many wide, easily navigable rivers

Squatters... The British planned on settling the Middle Colonies, but the Dutch were already there. The colony of New Amsterdam was led by Peter Stuyvesant and it was competing economically with the New England colonies.

The British make a move... The British surrounded the colony, offering citizenship to the people if they gave up. Finding that his people had no will to fight, Stuyvesant surrendered the colony.

Checking for Understanding Which of the following contributed to the Middle Colonies economic success? A.Growing tobacco B.Growing Cotton C.Growing Grains and Oats Correct Answer: C

New Amsterdam New York! After the Dutch surrendered in 1664, New York was born. Like most of the Middle Colonies, New York was a proprietary colony

Proprietary colony A Proprietary colony is when the power the government holds over the colony is given to a private landholder Here, you do it!

The Quakers and Pennsylvania The Quakers were a breakaway group of Puritans They believed in individual relationships with God, and did not have priests.

William Penn Eager to get rid of the Quakers, the king loved The idea of William Penn for a mass immigration to America

Pennsylvania! William Penn is given a land grant for Pennsylvania Penn drafted a Frame of Government that guaranteed freedom of religion, free elections, jury trials and more

Checking for Understanding Which colonial settlement is correctly paired with the reason it was founded? A.North Carolina – haven for Pilgrims and Puritans B.Georgia – refuge for English Catholics C.Maryland – place for imprisoned debtors and convicts. D.Pennsylvania – refuge for Quakers Correct Answer: D

The Southern Colonies

Much warmer climate than either the New England or Middle colonies Long growing seasons made it perfect for cash crops (i.e. tobacco, indigo, rice, and sugar.)

Maryland Maryland was established as refuge for Catholics.

Checking for Understanding Which of the following crops are NOT found in the Southern Colonies? A.Tobacco B.Rice C.Indigo D.Oats Correct Answer: D

The Plantation Economy –With a large amount of good soil, the south relied on agriculture Large farms, called Plantations, became common.

Plantations... Large farms require a large labor force to operate. Southern plantations owners had two forms of labor for their farms.

Indentured Servants Some people wanted to move to the colonies, but could not afford the journey. They became indentured servants. They signed a contract with plantation owners, agreeing to work for them for a period of time in exchange for the trip to America.

The African slave trade In the 1700’s, Slaves were brought from Africa to work on southern plantations

The African Slave Trade Slavery in Africa operated much the same way as in ancient times. African tribes enslaved those whom they conquered in battle Those Africans would sell their fellow Africans to the European slave traders.

Where the slaves went

The Middle Passage Once sold to the trader, slaves were tightly packed into the hull of a trader’s ship. They would not leave this place for up to 12 weeks.

The Middle Passage This journey from Africa to the New World was known as the Middle Passage. It is estimated that between 25-50% of slaves died either during the Middle Passage or because of it.

Arriving in America If you survive the journey, the slaves are placed in a holding cell until auction.

Auction The slave traders would advertise their sale in local papers.

Auction The slave would be stripped naked and placed on a stage for auction, where buyers would inspect them like animals.

Checking for Understanding The effects of the physical geography made which of the following BETTER for large farms than the other colonies? A New England Colonies B Southern Colonies C Middle Colonies D Western Colonies Correct Answer: B

Checking for Understanding What is the name of the journey the slaves took to from Africa to the Americas? The Middle Passage

The Exception - Georgia The southern colony that did not fit this mold was Georgia

Doin’ time ‘cause you owe a dime In England, people who could not afford to pay their debts off would be arrested and thrown in jail.

James Oglethorpe To clean out Britain’s debtor prisons (jails for people who owe $) the king gave James Oglethorpe a land grant for Georgia.

Georgia Georgia also provided a defensive buffer between the colonies and Spanish Florida.