Chapter 2 -

England – 17 th Century Turmoil over crown authority and parlimentary authority Glorious Revolution –  established modern English parliamentary democracy  never since has the monarch held absolute power, and the Bill of Rights has become one of the most important documents in the political history of Britain.

England – 17 th Century Bicameral – Parliament Local initiative – office of justices of the peace and sheriff Only taxed through consent of Parliament MAGNA CARTA – people had rights that a monarch could not violate. Common Law – decisions made by judges became precedents for later decisions Warrants Trial by jury of peers

England – 17 th Century Good for business...  Joint stock companies – stockholders shared risk and profits Bad for common people...  Population explosion  Enclosure movement – evict serfs/tenants in favor for sheep

English Attempts to Colonize Roanoke – 1587  Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored 100 colonists led by John White  Three years later – all colonists gone  Virginia Dare – first English child born in New World Jamestown – 1607  Men arrived at Chesapeake Bay  Funded by Virginia Company

Failure… Jamestown nearly failed because: 1. Conflict with the Native Americans 2. Unprepared – most men lacked skills and were not accustomed to hard-work 3. Location – standing water bred mosquitoes with disease 4. Starvation – bad droughts added to lack of preparedness 5. Lack of leadership

Statistics December, people left England May, 1607 – 101 colonists landed in Jamestown May, 1608 – Less than 60 colonists left August, 1609 – 400 new colonists land in Jamestown May, 1610 – Only 60 colonists remained

Tobacco saved Jamestown Headright –  buy a share in Virginia Company and get 50 acres  Way to attract immigrants  Wealthy received 50 acres for each indentured servant Indentured Servants  Contracts lasted 5-7 years  Promised “freedom dues”  Forbidden to marry  : only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts! 1619 – first evidence of slaves in Jamestown

Virginia 1624 – Virginia became royal colony Commission appointed by king recommended dissolution of Virginia Company Sir William Berkeley – governor for 34 years By 1650, there were 15,000 residents of Virginia. Largest planters – most fertile land Freed servants –  less fertile along frontier  settlement provoked Natives  No militia support given to them by wealthy

Bacon's Rebellion protest against Native American raids on the frontier protest against policies of favoritism shown by the Royal Governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. Jamestown was burned Bacon died of lice 23 men were hanged. Berkeley being recalled to England to answer for the local problems.

New England – cold, long, hard winters; short, mild summers; rocky soil Middle Colonies – cold winters; long, hot summers; rich soil Southern Colonies – long, hot summers; short, mild winters, rich soil Climate plays a big role in shaping history, culture, economy of a particular place.

Diversity of Colonies New England, Middle Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct economies. New England – cities, trade, smaller and more diverse farming Middle – diverse, farming, trading Southern – cash crops, large plantations, few cities

1. Virginia 2. Maryland 3. Massachusetts 4. Rhode Island 5. Connecticut 6. New Hampshire 7. South Carolina 8. New York 9. New Jersey 10. Pennsylvania/Delaware 11. Georgia 12. North Carolina

Become a colony in 1634 Named Maryland in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria First owned individually, not joint stock Celius Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore, founded colony English Catholic’s refuge Maryland - 2

Maryland cont. Laws & chapels established in accordance to those in England Calvert planted 1 st settlement at the St. Mary near Potomac river. Majority of servants &freeman were protestant 1 st legislative assembly met in 1635 & divided into two houses. In 1650: with governor & council sitting separately Had some 60

Rhode Island - 4 Roger Williams arrived in 1631 Was a puritan who thought no church was good unless his wife or him was involved in it. Caused several problems with the church with questioning their beliefs and actions banished to England He established Providence (town) which was the 1 st permanent settlement. Anne Hutchinson -1630’s She believed the holy spirit had sent her messages or contacted her. Stated that most ministers were “godless hypocrites”

And led people to believe good conduct ensures salvation. As a women in this time period she was completely outspoken. Her and her family were massacred by Indians.

New Hampshire Granted by the council for New England to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason in Divided land w/Mason naming the southern part New Hampshire and Gorges naming the northern part Maine Massachusetts took over New Hampshire and Maine in 1650 ’s, but this led to lawsuits w/the private council and they decided against Massachusetts in both cases. In 1679, New Hampshire became a royal colony.

By: Mark Taylor, Kate Lucid, Sam Johnson, Cristina Vera

Information Government of South Carolina rested on Fundamental Constitutions of South Carolina. It was one of the most curious documents of colonial history. South Carolina encouraged immigration, extending to Jews and Heathens. 1 st profitable enterprise in South Carolina was a flourishing trade in deer skin and indian slaves.

Settlers already from colonies voyaged from Barbados to North Bermuda and landed in south Carolina. Settlers that were planters and farmers were told to go elsewhere for land.

New Jersey Duke of York granted New Jersey to Sire George Carteret, and Lord John Berkeley – Was divided into East (Carteret) and West (Berkeley) – Carteret Sold out his Proprieties to a group of or so Dutch settlers settled in the east. Swedes, Finns, and some Dutch settled in the West 1702 – The East and West sides united as a single Royal Colony Carteret brother and company founded Elizabethtown, while the Puritans founded Newark.

Pennsylvania Named after Admiral William Penn The Dutch, Swedish, and English settlers were scattered along the west bank of Delaware. By the end of 1681 about 1,000 settlers lived in Penn's providence. Pennsylvania became a refuge for Quakers an dissenters because of its tolerance.

Delaware Part of the Dutch territory 1682 Duke of York granted Penn the area of Delaware which became apart of Pennsylvania Delaware was granted the right to choose its own assembly.

Georgia By: Ariel Dowdy Joshua Powell

Georgia Georgia was the last of the British continental colonies to be established English settlers brought with them African slaves and a desire to win over the Indian trade from the Spanish. Guns, goods and rum was used to influence the Indians Set up as both a philanthropic experiment and a military buffer against Florida colonists founded Savannah near the mouth of the Savannah River 1734 Protestant refugees arrived followed by Germans, Moravians and Swiss. Etc

Georgia Silk, and wine production failed Land holding limited 500 acres Rum prohibited, and importation of slaves forbidden 1759 all restrictions on land holding were removed

Georgia 1753 province reverted to the crown First time effective government After 1763 population and wealth grew rapidly Exported rice, indigo, lumber, beef, and pork Lively trade with the West Indies

Charter Colony – grant charter to individual or trading company by crown. Virginia Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts Bay Colony Proprietary Colony – granted land to individuals or groups Pennsylvania Maine Maryland New York New Jersey Royal Colony – controlled by the crown and ruled by appointed governor and governing council By 1775, only Pennsylvania and Maryland retained their proprietary status, and only Connecticut and Rhode Island remained charter colonies.