COLONIES GET STARTED

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

New England Colonies Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire : Puritans arrive. Purify Church of England, not break from it. Great Migration: 20,000 Puritans left Europe for other parts of the world.

New England Cont. Puritans well prepared. No starvation. John Winthrop was governor. Formed Commonwealth where all work together for good of all. New England Way: believed in duty, godliness, hard work, honesty, education.

Challenges & Conflicts Strict Religion Roger Williams wasn’t as strict as the Puritans want, leaves to settle Rhode Island. Rhode Island, Separation of Church and State

Challenges & Conflicts Cont. Anne Hutchinson- worship god without bible, minister, church. Goes to Rhode Island. Quakers- know god directly by “inner light” same as Williams and Hutchinson King Phillips War- War with Natives over land New Englanders took from Natives.

Salem Witch Trials Tituba, slave from w. Indies told young girls frightening witches. Girls acted “bewitched” and accused many of being witches. Resulted in witch hunts, trials, hysteria in Salem.

Theories for Witch Trials 1. Haves vs. Have Nots. Desire for money and property Lack of legal government / no charter/ rule by “strict religious codes” Young girls initially “believe” they were possessed/ends in desire for attention.

MIDDLE COLONIES

Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans, Africans Attractions- Religious Freedom!! Shipping & commerce. Rich Soil for Farming and Livestock.

New Netherlands/ New York Owned by the Dutch, taken over by English and Duke of York takes control. Hence the name change to New “York.”

New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania N.J.- Duke of York gives land to friends, religious freedom and land grants. William Penn-Wealthy Quaker, given land to pay off debt from king. Pennsylvania=Penn’s Woods

Pennsylvania Cont./ Delaware Place for all religious and ethnic groups including natives. Successful and wealthy Part of Pennsylvania broken off to become Delaware.

SOUTHERN COLONIES

Southern Colonies Virginia, Maryland, The Carolinas, Georgia Soil good for tobacco, rice & indigo Catholics flee England, Toleration act= acceptance of Catholics in Maryland. Few Women, slaves and indentured servants to work.

Carolinas Timber, cattle, trade with Natives, rice, indigo. African and Native slaves Becomes royal colony from proprietary colony splits into north and south Carolina.

Triangle Trade New England Colonies profits through the Triangle Trade. –New England colonies sent rum and iron to Africa, where it was traded for slaves –Africa send slaves to the West Indies through the famously horrible Middle Passage and exchanged them for sugar and molasses –From the West Indies, the sugar and molasses was sent to the New England colonies to make rum

Georgia 1732 James Oglethorpe founds, refuge & debtor, strict rules English, Swiss, German, Scottish All Religions England makes royal colony when settlers become upset with strict rules of Oglethorpe

Royal and Proprietary Colonies Royal- Colonies ruled by governors appointed by the king. i.e. Carolina Royal- Colonies ruled by governors appointed by the king. i.e. Carolina Proprietary- colony owned by one person. Proprietary- colony owned by one person. Expected residents to pay tax to the owner.

Backcountry& Navigation Acts Navigation Acts Settlements that ran along the Appalachian Mountains. Settlements that ran along the Appalachian Mountains. Backcountry England wanted money for the goods being traded from the colonies. England wanted money for the goods being traded from the colonies. English ships had to be used. English ships had to be used. Tobacco, wood, and sugar could only be sold to England and its colonies. Tobacco, wood, and sugar could only be sold to England and its colonies. Any goods not sold to England were taxed Any goods not sold to England were taxed.

Mayflower Compact Signed on the Mayflower by the pilgrims. obey the laws agreed upon for the good of the people. States that they would obey the laws agreed upon for the good of the people. Establishes the Idea of self- government and majority rule. Establishes the Idea of self- government and majority rule.

Decline of Puritans As the colonies grew rich, the Puritan religion declined for several reasons: –Men started caring more about business than religion –New Churches started and competed, making the Puritan church no longer dominant –Charters changed to royal, guaranteeing religious freedom, and allowing non- church members the vote

Southern Slavery The Southern Colonies couldn’t compete with the trade in the North – their wealth depended on selling their crops for cash The Southern Colonies couldn’t compete with the trade in the North – their wealth depended on selling their crops for cash. For this they needed a large labor pool. By the mid-1700s, more than 40% of the Southern colonies were slaves. When Native Americans were forced into slavery, they became susceptible to European diseases and died, so they were replaced by African Slaves. By the mid-1700s, more than 40% of the Southern colonies were slaves.

Stono Rebellion Africans often resisted the loss of their culture, and their enslavement. The most famous resistance occurred in September 1739 when 20 slaves gathered at the Stono River south of Charleston. The slaves killed many planter families. A white militia group caught or killed all of the slaves involved – and those captured were executed.

New Ideals for Slavery Because of the Stono Rebellion, new laws were passed regarding slaves: –Slaves could no longer leave plantations without permission –Slaves could not meet with free blacks Inhumane treatment of African slaves became the norm in the South

The Great Awakening. 1730’s – 40’s. Religious movement. Traveling preachers. Inner belief in God more important than outward actions. taught about Individual worth, equality and challenging authority.

The Enlightenment stressed science, knowledge and reason. Great Awakening stressed religion. Ben Franklin. John Locke John Locke: English philosopher; believed that there were certain natural rights such as: Life Liberty and Property Life Liberty and Property