Why Are Their Kicking PATTERNs Different? What factor makes The difference?

Physiotherapists often try to provide the ideal posture and movement… Each human has a normal standing posture and movement pattern… In the future… I would like to reveal the relationship of them.

Different Standing Postures and How They Affect Their Movements Daichi Iwasaki IMPG

Content ・ Literature Review (3 sections) ・ Research Question ・ Method ・ Result ・ Discussion ・ Conclusion ・ References

Literature Review ・ Kendall, et al. (2005) → 5 types standing posture → Only one ideal posture However… ・ Roussouly, et al. (2005) ・ Raine and Twomey (1997) and Preece, et al. (2008) → The variety of normal spinal alignment and pelvic shape

Literature Review ・ Janda (1988 cited in Page, Frank and Lardner, 2010) ・ Murata, et al. (2003) → Upper-crossed and Lower-crossed syndrome → Knee-Spine syndrome In contrast… ・ Tüzün, et al. (1999) → there was no postural alignment to be able to identify causes of low back pain.

Literature Review ・ Coddman (1934 cited in Crosbie, et al., 2008), Inman and Saunders (1946) ・ Kapandji (1970) and Crosbie, et al. (2008) → The coordination between humeral, scapular and spinal motion in the shoulder movement task. On the other hand… ・ Bohannon, Gajdosik and LeVeau (1985) ・ Iwasaki, et al. (2013) →There were different movement patterns in the hip flexion task.

Various natural postures and movement patterns are known to exist. but… There is no documented evidence to show how different standing postures affect their movement patterns. Literature Review

Research Question Do different standing postures have an effect on how people move in the same movement task?

Methods (Quantitative) ➀ Photograph of comfortable standing postures from the side ➁ Dividing into five types ・ 27 participants without dysfunction and limitation

Methods (Quantitative) ➂ Movement task: Deep squatting movement ・ Observing movement patterns in the side (1) and front (2) ➃ Pairing movement patterns up and dividing into five types. (1)(2) (1) (2) Hip Knee Out In Ideal or

Methods (Qualitative) ・ Unstructured questions to physiotherapists → the way they assess postures and movements → the possibility of prediction for movements

Results ０ IdealFlat-back Lordotic (1) (2) Hip Knee Out In Ideal 41

Results Kypho-Lordotic (1) (2) Hip Knee Out In Ideal 111 Sway-back (1) (2) Hip Knee Out In Ideal 8 1 1

Results Due to the fact that human body is too complex to understand, there is no consensus to predict human movement. ・ Easy assessment scheme might be needed. ・ The usefulness of this research (Summary of the answer for questions)

Discussion Preventive care Advanced training method ・ The differences of joint motions (Kinetic chains) according to the position of gravity centre on each person

Conclusion There were some findings for various postural and movement patterns in some studies. After dividing standing postures and deep squatting movements, the relationship of them have been analised. Although the reliability might not high, it has been revealed that there were some tendencies. Through this research, the movement patterns according to standing postures might be demonstrated.

References Bohannon, R. W, Gajdosik, R. L. and LeVeau, B. F., Relationship of Pelvic and Thigh Motions during Unilateral and Bilateral Hip Flexion. Physical Therapy, [online] 65 (10), Available at: American Physical Therapy Association at [Accessed 24 th November, 2015] Crosbie, J., Kilbreath, S. L., Hollmann, L. and York, S., Scapulohumeral Rhythm and Associated Spinal Motion. Clinical Biomechanics, [online] 23 (2), Available at: ScienceDirect at [Accessed 9 th February, 2016] cdn.com/S /1-s2.0-S main.pdf?_tid=c3ef0b44-e481-11e5-a aacb35f&acdnat= _ b d163525b9dd56b6 Inman, V. T. and Saunders, J. B. D. M., Observations on the Function of the Clavicle. California Medicine, [online] 65 (4), 158–166. Available at: PubMed Central at [Accessed 21 st February, 2016] Iwakura, H., Kashiwabara, S. and Tanaka, S., Deep Squatting Movement and Posture. Rehabilitation Medicine, [online] 23 (3), Available at: J-Stage at [Accessed 8 th March, 2016] Iwasaki, D., Kusaba, S., Shibata, M. and Ikeda, T., The Buttocks Load Rate and the Relationship of Lower Limbs and Trunk in the Sitting Raising One Leg Posture. The 48th Congress of the Japan Physical Therapy Association, [online] P-A Basic-79 Available at: J-stage at [Accessed 26 th January, 2016] Kapandji, I. A., The physiology of the joints, Upper Limb. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M. and Romani, W. A., Muscles Testing and Function with Posture and Pain, Fifth Edition. [e-book] Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Available at: SlidesShare at [Accessed 1 st December, 2015] Murata, Y., Takahashi, K., Yamagata, M., Hanaoka, E. and Moriya, H., The Knee-Spine Syndrome Association between Lumbar Lordosis and Extension of the Knee. The Bone & Joint Journal, [online] 85-B (1), Available at: Bone & Joint at [Accessed 7 th February, 2016] Norris, C. M., Spinal Stabilisation: 4. Muscle Imbalance and the Low Back. Physiotherapy, [online] 81 (3), Available at: ScienceDirect at [Accessed 2 nd February, 2016.] Page, P., Frank, C. C. and Lardner, R., Assessment and Treatment of Muscle Imbalance: the Janda approach. [e-book] United States: Benchmark Physical Therapy Inc. Available at: technesport.com at [Accessed 31 st January, 2016] Preece, S. J., Willan, P., Nester, C. J., Smith, P. G., Herrington, L. and Bowker, P., Variation in Pelvic Morphology May Prevent the Identification of Anterior Pelvic Tilt. The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, [online] 16 (2), Available at: PubMed Central at [Accessed 3 th December, 2008] Raine, S. and Twomey, L. T., Head and Shoulder Posture Variations in 160 Asymptomatic Women and Men. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, [online] 78 (11), Available at: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at [Accessed 21 st January, 2016] Roussouly, P., Gollogly, S., Berthonnaud, E. and Dimnet, D., Classification of the Normal Variation in the Sagittal Alignment of the Human Lumbar Spine and Pelvis in the Standing Position. Spine, [online] 30 (3), 346 –353 Available at: Ovid at [Accessed 24 th January, 2016] b/ovidweb.cgi?WebLinkFrameset=1&S=JDINPDEFFEHFCCMAFNJKADCGKGCIAA00&returnUrl=ovidweb.cgi%3f%26Full%2bText%3dL%257cS.sh.23.24%257c0%257c %26S%3dJDINPDEFFEHFCCMAFNJKADCGKGCIAA00&directlink=http%3a%2f%2fgraphics.uk.ovid.com%2fovftpdfs%2fPDHFFNCGADMAFE00%2ffs047%2fovft%2flive%2fgv024%2f %2f pdf&filename=Classification+of+the+Normal+Variation+in+the+Sagittal+Alignment+of+the+Human+Lumbar+Spine+and+Pelvis+in+the+Standing+Position.&pdf_key=PDHFFNCGADMAFE00&pdf_index=/fs047/ovft/li ve/gv024/ / Tüzün, Ç., Yorulmaz, İ., Cindaş, A. and Vatan, S., Low Back Pain and Posture. Clinical Rheumatology, [online] 18 (4), Available at: Springer at [Accessed 3 rd February, 2016] c%2Fpdf%2F845%2Fart%25253A %25252Fs pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F %252Fs *~hmac=3ba412c0ad162e60d b9739f608ba4ac76648e5380be69c52a1fe14c