Ancient Mesoamerican Civilizations. Olmec, 1500 BCE – 400 BCE.

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Presentation transcript:

Ancient Mesoamerican Civilizations

Olmec, 1500 BCE – 400 BCE

What is a “civilization”? Dependent upon agriculture Large and dense populations Trade Range of settlements (rural – urban) Central governments Social stratification Specialized occupations

Who are the Olmec? Tropical lowlands of Mexico The “mother civilization” “People of the land of rubber” The rubber ball game Trade

Olmec Religion Cult of the Jaguar Spread of religion as a factor in their rise to power Toltec depiction of the jaguar at Chichen Itza

Olmec Heads Basalt stone 8 statues of rulers or gods?

Olmec Trade Jewelry, feathers, cotton, cacao beans, ceramics, jade figurines Invention of the tortilla Women and the comal Cooking tortillas on a comal

The Rubber Ball Game

Olmec’s Legacy Cult of the jaguar Religious calendar Astronomy Trade Agriculture/Food technologies Hieroglyphic writing Olmec rain god at A. Oaxaca, Central Mexico, and Maya regions from left to right.

The Maya, 200 BCE – 900 CE

Regions of the Maya Chiapas, Campeche, Tabasco, Quintana Roo, Yucatan peninsula (Southern Mexico) Guatemala Honduras Belize El Salvador

Characteristics No central government Roughly 50 independent city-states in constant competition

Tikal, 250 – 900 C.E. Guatemala Established around 250 CE 50,000 – 100,000 people

Climbing a Temple in Chichen Itza

Writing 90% of the symbols have been defined Bark paper books Most destroyed during colonial period

Mayan Society Ahau (king) Tribute system Strict gender roles Monogamy vs. plural marriages Extended families

Mayan Bloodletting Each day + special occasions Cenote Ear piercings

What happened? Collapse of city-states began in 800 CE 12 million people in 700 CE Population drops to 2 million