Corruption as a relevant issue: definitions and international concerns Grazia Mannozzi University of Insubria.

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Corruption as a relevant issue: definitions and international concerns Grazia Mannozzi University of Insubria

28 April-2 May 2014Grazia Mannozzi - Università dell'Insubria2 Corruption as a relevant issue ► corruption is a “criminological constant” ► corruption is evolving toward more serious and pervasive forms ► corruption is independent from economic frames and models ► corruption is a typical exportable crime ► corruption has a wide offensive effects

INTERNATIONAL CONCERNS 28 April-2 May 2014 Grazia Mannozzi - Università dell'Insubria 3

28 April-2 May 2014Grazia Mannozzi - Università dell'Insubria4 Convention on combating bribery of foreing public officials OCSE 1997 “… bribery is a widespread phenomenon in international business transactions, including trade and investment, which raises serious moral and political concerns, undermines good governance and economic development, and distorts international competitive conditions;”

28 April-2 May 2014Grazia Mannozzi - Università dell'Insubria5 Criminal law convention on corruption Strasbourg, 1999 “… corruption threatens the rule of law, democracy and human rights, undermines good governance, fairness and social justice, distorts competition, hinders economic development and endangers the stability of democratic institutions and the moral foundations of society;”

28 April-2 May 2014Grazia Mannozzi - Università dell'Insubria6 UN Convention against corruption Merìda, 2003 ► Concerned about the seriousness of problems and threats posed by corruption to the stability and security of societies, undermining the institutions and values of democracy, ethical values and justice and jeopardizing sustainable development and the rule of law, ► Concerned also about the links between corruption and other forms of crime, in particular organized crime and economic crime, including money-laundering, ► Concerned further about cases of corruption that involve vast quantities of assets, which may constitute a substantial portion of the resources of States, and that threaten the political stability and sustainable development of those States,

28 April-2 May 2014 Grazia Mannozzi - Università dell'Insubria 7 Provisional conclusions corruption is no longer a local matter but a transnational phenomenon that affects all societies and economies  improving international cooperation to know, prevent and control corruption