Drama Elements English 7

What is the Drama Genre? “A story in dramatic form, typically emphasizing conflict in key characters and written to be performed by actors.” (from Harris, et al. The Literacy Dictionary, IRA, 1995) Three elements in drama- 1) a story 2) told in action 3) by characters who impersonate the characters of the story (Thrall and Hibbert, A Handbook to Literature, Odyssey Press, 1960)

Purpose of Drama 1) To entertain 2) To provoke thought and emotion 3) To present a visual and aural experience for the audience Define aural:

Origins of Drama Early drama’s purpose was for religious ceremonies. The theatre we know today is from ancient Greece (around 550 BC) and the first actor was Thespis (and this is why there is an actor group called the Thespians). The ancient Greeks created the two classes of drama- Comedy- humorous and ends happily Tragedy- deals with death/suffering and ends unhappily

Form & Features Two parts of script: Spoken dialogue (no quotation marks) and Stage Directions Stage Directions: Describe setting, lighting, movement of characters & props, intonation of dialogue (how something should be said), and costumes. In italics and brackets/parenthesis Begin with a capital letter and period, even if not complete sentences Lines and sections may be numbered in left margin (in order to reference to a certain place) Character names are usually in all caps followed by a colon and then their dialogue Character names listed at beginning of script in order of appearance with brief description

Play Script Sample- MINA: (shocked) I like can’t believe you just said that! (picks up purse and turns to leave) SAM: (whispers to self) Man, I’m in trouble. (running up to Mina) Please don’t leave. I was just joking. Plays may be divided by Acts (usually two with an intermission in between) and Scenes (a new scene is for a new time or setting)

Structure Conflict, the tension that exists between the forces in the character’s life, is important in drama and can be in four forms- 1) Person vs. Self 2) Person vs. Person 3) Person vs. Nature 4) Person vs. Society

Structure Exposition- creates the tone, introduces setting and some character, gives background (Who the characters are and what they want.) Rising Action/Complication- sets the action in motion and continues through stages of conflict to the Climax (most intense/emotional/high point) Falling Action stresses the activity of the forces opposing the hero as the action moves to the denouement/resolution (final unraveling of the plot or where everything is tied up.) Dramas may include flashbacks (an event from the past) or soliloquies (one character’s thoughts revealed in a solo reflection to the audience). Theme is the universal idea or lesson learned.

The Screenplay A script for television is called a teleplay A script for a movie is called a screenplay Teleplays and screenplays will need to give camera descriptions Before character dialogue, the scene setting/actions are described

Screenplay Elements ANGLE ON- type of shot telling camera to focus somewhere else within the location BEAT- interrupts line of dialogue, tells actor to pause b.g. (BACKGROUND)- anything going on behind main action CLOSE ON- a close up of a person or object CUT TO- most simple transition to change a scene DISSOLVE TO- common transition- as one scene fades out, the next scene FADES IN (usually shows passage of time)

Screenplay Elements EXT. EXTERIOR- Scene takes place outside INT. INTERIOR- Scene takes place indoors INTERCUT- a transition where two scenes go back and forth between each other within a few moments each POV (POINT OF VIEW)- Camera replaces the eyes of a character, monster, or machine SLUG LINES- The text in all CAPS at the beginning of a scene that briefly describes the location and time of day

Screenplay Elements SUPER- Superimpose- one picture placed over another in the same shot (titles may be superimposed over the scenes) TIGHT ON- close up of a person or thing used for dramatic effect V.O. (VOICE OVER)- you hear the character’s voice, but do not see him/her speaking (generally used for narration or a character’s inner thoughts only for the audience)