“are all men equal”

 Ellis Island- New York Harbor  Set up to examine the people entering the country.  Only 2% denied citizenship in the late 19 th century  5 hour physical examination  Clean record  Capability to work  Needed to have 25 dollars  Between more than 17 million people enter

 Angel Island  San Francisco between more than 50 thousand Chinese immigrants came.  Larger populations of oriental groups come to the western united states

 1897 Americans wanted to have a literacy test associated to the application for citizenship  Was not passed by Cleveland and overridden under Wilson  1882 Chinese exclusion act said would limit/exclude all Chinese immigrants for 10 years but extended until 1943!

 Because people were afraid of foreigners they were often forced into Ghettos  Cities with poor sanitation, short water supply  Manual labor was provided to many  Political machines  Send money away from our economy  Some struggled to communicate  Many thought this meant they were not educated

 What do you propose as a solution for immigration applications?  Is it fair to deny someone the right to live here because they were born elsewhere?  Should they have to take tests we don’t take?  Do they have to be healthy even if we aren’t?  Who’s fault is it that they have been stereotyped in certain jobs?  How many do we allow in?  How do we allow them in?

 After the Civil War African Americans should have been equal but were they?  Literacy test in order to vote  Poll tax to prevent poor from voting  Grandfather clause- allowed any who had rights in Jan of 1867 to continue to vote

 The number of lynchings rise  Nativism spreads  Groups like the KKK spread  Jim Crow laws 1870’s and beyond  Segregation of schools, seating, recreational areas etc…

 1896 challenged that Jim Crow laws were unconstitutional according to the 14 th Amendment.  Determined that it is separate but equal... Really?  John Marshall said, “The object of the 14 th amendment was... undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law, but it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political equality, or a commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either. Laws permitting, and even requiring, their separation in places where they are liable to be brought into contact do not necessarily imply the inferiority of either race to the other.”

 In a few months we will discuss the civil rights movement but even still are all races equal in the United States today? Should they be? How can you prevent discrimination today ?  103 Tiju ThecannatIndian  112 Chris TaylorAmerican  119 Richard PersaudFrench Guyana  125 Michael GreenspanIsraeli  130 Ronny OdishoAssyrian  135 Ali SattaringhamIranian  140 Cedric SillerAfrican American  145 Jeff PribanAmerican  152 Matt PribanAmerican  160 Mike YoungAfrican American  171 Carlos ZambronoPuerto Rican  189 Duke WheelerMexican  215 Josh CorreaCuban  HWT Clint WardaAssyrian