GPM Global Precipitation Measurement 3. Future Program

From TRMM to GPM NASA, JAXA and NICT International Cooperation Mission 3. Future Program Cooperation(Expected partners) ： NOAA(US),NASA(US),ESA(EU), CNES/ISRO(France/India) and others

GPM Overview 3. Future Program Mission: Core Satellite –Observation of rainfall with more accurate and higher resolution –Adjustment of data from constellation satellites Constellation Satellites –More frequent Observation GPM –Global Observation every 3 hours↓ –Earth heating Phenomena –Study of Climate Change –Improvement of forecasting system Core SatelliteConstellation Satellites OrbitSun- asynchronous Sun-synchronous InclinationApprox. 68 deg.Approx. 90 deg. AltitudeApprox. 600 km PeriodApprox. 92 minutes Approx. 100 minutes Mission Instrument DPR* GMI Microwave Radiometer Resolution KuPR:245km KaPR:120km Approx. 800 ｋｍ Range Res.250m--- Launch Date2013 (TBD)--- Mission of Life 3 years and 2 months --- *DPR=Dual Frequency Radiometer 14GHz KuPR and 35GHz KaPR 2 satellites 8 satellites

GPM project status Core satellite: –GPM core launch schedule was slipped to June 2013 because of NASA budget problem –Currently JAXA is in phase B. –JAXA proceed to phase C/D in JFY Constellation satellites: –A lot of changes! EGPM : disappeared NPOESS : scale downed (reduced time orbit and CMIS) NASA constellation : Non-sun synchronous (inclination 40°) etc. –Microwave radiometers get fewer at the operation period of GPM core.  It is very difficult to achieve our objectives.  We started to use not only microwave radiometer but also microwave sounder data for precipitation map. 3. Future Program

GPM Related Meetings Workshop: –The 6 th GPM International Planning Workshop, *Date: 7-9 November 2006 *place: USA 3. Future Program

GCOM Global Climate Observation Mission 3. Future Program

GCOM System Overview GCOM-W & -C characteristics Configuration GCOM-WGCOM-C Orbit (TBD) Sun-synchronous Altitude: 699.6km Inclination: 98.19deg Descending local time: 1:30 Sun-synchronous Altitude: 798km Inclination: 99.36deg Descending local time: 10:30 Instruments AMSR2 SeaWinds F/O (-W2, - W3:TBD) SGLI Launch Date Mission Life5 years (3 satellites; total 13 years) Launch Vehicle H-IIA 3. Future Program

GCOM-W Targets of GCOM-W/AMSR2 are water- energy cycle. GCOM-W AMSR2 characteristics ScanConical scan microwave radiometer Swath width1450km Antenna2.0m offset parabola antenna Digitalization12bit Incident angleApporox. 55 degree PolarizationVertical and Horizontal Dynamic range K Band (GHz) Band width (MHz) Polari zation Beam width [deg] (Ground resolution [km]) Sampling interval [km] V and H 1.8 (35 x 62) (24 x 42) (14 x 22) (15 x 26) (7 x 12) (3 x 5)5 AMSR2 AMSR-2 will continue AMSR-E observations (water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, wind speed, sea ice concentration etc.). If GCOM-W2, W3 has scatterometer, GCOM-W scatterometer in afternoon orbit will increase time resolution and data coverage in combination with the METOP/ASCAT in morning orbit (to achieve every 6 hours observation). 3. Future Program

AMSR-Products (ADEOS-II) Wind speed (ocean) Sea ice conc. Sea surface temperature Snow depth Cloud liquid water Water vapor (ocean) Precipitation Soil moisture ProductsComments Integrated water vapor Over global ocean*, columnar integrated value Integrated cloud liquid water Over global ocean *, columnar integrated value Precipitation Global (except over ice and snow), surface rain rate Sea surface temperature * Global ocean Sea surface wind speed Global ocean Sea ice concentratio n High latitude ocean areas Snow depth Land surface (except dense forest regions) Soil moisture Land surface (except ice sheet and dense forest regions) AMSR product table

GCOM-C SGLI channels CH λΔλL std L max IFOV VN, P, SW: nm T: μm VN, P: W/m 2 /sr/  m T: Kelvin m VN VN VN VN VN VN VN VN VN VN VN P P SW SW SW SW T T Visible & near infrared (VN) push-broom radiometer Polarization muti-angle radiometer (P) Shortwave (SW) & thermal infrared (T) scanning radiometer Targets of GCOM-C/ SGLI is surface and atmospheric valuables related to carbon cycle and radiation budget. SGLI will follow almost of the GLI observations (sea surface temperature, ocean color, aerosols, cloud, vegetation, snow/ ice, and so on). The new SGLI features (250m (VN) and 500m (T) channels and two polarization/ multi-direction channels (P)) will enable to improve land and coastal monitoring and retrieval of aerosol over land. GCOM-C SGLI characteristics Scan Push-broom electric scan (VN & P) Wisk-broom mechanical scan (SW & T) Scan width 1150km cross track (VN & P) 1400km cross track (SW & T) Digitalization12bit Polarization3 polarization angles for P Along track direction +45 deg and -45 deg for P Nadir for VN, SW and T 3. Future Program

GLI products on ADEOS-II Land vegetation Ocean chlorophyll TOA radiance Snow grain size Sea surface temperature Aerosols Cloud optical thickness water vapor (land) TargetProduct Land Geometric correction Geometric correction by GCP Surface reflectance Land surface reflectance Vegetation indexes (NDVI, EVI) Atmosphere Aerosol Ocean aerosols (Tau, Alpha) Cloud Cloud flag (area, phase) Cloud optical thickness (water/ice) Ice cloud effective radius Water cloud top height Cloud top temperature (water/ice) Cloud liquid water cloud Cloud fraction water vapor column water vapor (over land) Ocean Ocean atmospheric correction Normalized water leaving radiance Ocean aerosols (Tau, Alpha) Photosynthetically available radiation In-water chlorophyll-a concentration Suspended solid concentration Coloured dissolved organic matter Attenuation coefficient at 490nm temperatureSea surface temperature Cryosphere Area Cloud detection over snow/ice Snow/ice covered area Surface Snow/ice surface temperature Snow grain size Snow impurities GLI product table

Future marine exploration technology ・ Global environment problem ・ GHG ・ Understand of weather anomaly and climate change Earth Observation GOSAT ALOS GPM/DPR GCOM Cloud Aerosol GHG Quasi-Zenith Satellite Ocean color Rainfall ・ Marine exploration under ocean bottom ・ Resource exploration by satellite and marine probe Marine exploration Deep sea drilling Vegetation Positioning ・ Disaster monitoring of earthquake, heavy rain etc. ・ Trench giant earthquake Disaster Monitoring Ocean wind SST Integration of observation data Users Integrated dataset Policy making Data Integration & Analysis Research institutes Ministry and agency 緯度 経度 時間 “Integrated Marine Exploration and Earth Observation System” Establishment of a fundamental system for Earth observation, disaster monitoring and marine exploration system as a national key technology for Japanese national security