Thermal power plant , panipat By : Nidhi Bansal Roll no.- 2509071

Basic principle of thermal power plant A thermal power plant basically works on Rankine cycle. Rankine cycle is a cycle that converts heat into work

Layout of thermal plant

Main parts of plant Coal conveyor Stoker Pulveriser Boiler Coal ash Air preheater Electrostatic precipitator

Smoke stack Turbine Condenser Economizer Transformers Cooling towers Generators High - voltage power lines

1. Coal conveyor A belt type arrangement. From coal storage place in power plant to the place near by boiler.

2. Stoker Mechanical device for feeding coal to a furnace This mechanism is required for feeding coal into the furnace through mechanical methods

3. Pulveriser Device for grinding coal for combustion in a furnace in a power plant. Types of Pulverisers : Ball and Tube Mill Ring and Ball

4. Boiler An enclosed vessel in which water is heated and circulated until the water is turned in to steam at the required pressure. Coal is burned inside the combustion chamber of boiler.

Classification of Boilers Fire tube boilers Water tube boilers Superheater Reheater

5. Condenser Heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state, also known as phase transition. The purpose to condense the outlet (or exhaust) steam from steam turbine is to obtain maximum efficiency. Condensers are classified as Jet condensers or contact condensers Surface condensers.

6. Cooling Towers Device in which atmospheric air (the heat receiver) circulates in direct or indirect contact with warmer water (the heat source) and the water is thereby cooled.

7. Economiser Recover some of the heat from the heat carried away in the flue gases up the chimney and utilize for heating the feed water to the boiler.

8. Air preheater Device used in steam boilers to transfer heat from the flue gases to the combustion air before the air enters the furnace. Improve boiler efficiency by burning warm air which increases combustion efficiency, and reducing useful heat lost from the flue.

9. Electrostatic precipitator Device which removes dust or other finely divided particles from flue gases by charging the particles inductively with an electric field, then attracting them to highly charged collector plates.

10. Smoke stack A smoke stack(chimney) is a system for venting hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere.

11. Generator An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy.

12. Transmitter Use sensing element and use to measure pressure, temperature and level measurement Also called differential transformer Works on the principle that input differential pressure converted into capacitance which gives amplified current output

14. Temperature Measurement Expansion thermometer Change of state of thermometer Electrical measurement of temperature Expansion thermometer:- Liquid in glass thermometer Thermocouple

15. Pressure measurement Manometer Bourden Tube Pressure switch

16. Transformers Device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage

17. Power generation Following steps:- Coal to steam steam to mechanical power switching and transmission

Auxiliary systems Boiler make-up water treatment plant and storage Fuel preparation system Barring gear Oil system Generator cooling Generator high voltage system Monitoring and alarm system Battery supplied emergency lighting and communication

Questions????