Food Resources: A Challenge for Agriculture Chapter 19

World Food Problems In 2004: 86 countries are low- income, food deficient. 800 million people were food deficient 182 million children severely malnourished

World Food Problems Producing Enough Food Total Grain Production Per Capita Grain Production

The Principal Types of Agriculture Industrialized agriculture

The Principal Types of Agriculture Subsistence agriculture Shifting cultivation Slash-and-burn agriculture Nomadic herding Intercropping

Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock The Effect of Domestication on Genetic Diversity Genetic diversity enhances long-term species survival

Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock Increasing Crop Yields Case-in-Point: The Green Revolution Development of a superior rice plant

Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock Modern livestock production commonly relies upon: hormone supplementation antibiotics in feedstuff

The Environmental Impacts of Agriculture Most livestock now grown in feedlots Leads to problems like sewage disposal.

The Environmental Impacts of Agriculture Insects becoming increasingly resistant to pesticides increases amount of pesticides applied. increases pesticide residue on foods and contaminated land / water.

The Environmental Impacts of Agriculture Other problems: Land degradation Habitat fragmentation Cultivating marginal lands

Solutions to Agricultural Problems Sustainable Agriculture

Solutions to Agricultural Problems Making Subsistence Agriculture Sustainable and More Productive Slash-and-burn in rainforests is sustainable, if few people practice it Ongoing research trying to find ways to increase long-term productivity

Genetic Engineering

Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock Issues with Genetic Engineering: Safety Backlash Against G M Foods Labeling?

Fisheries of the World Major types of seafood:

Fisheries of the World Problems and Challenges for the Fishing Industry

Fisheries of the World Overharvesting is the most serious problem

Fisheries of the World Ocean Pollution and Deteriorating Habitat 80% of global ocean pollution comes from human activities on land

Fisheries of the World Aquaculture: Fish Farming 2003 aquaculture production of fin fish and shellfish = 41.9 million tons In US: aquaculture accounts for 6% of all seafood consumed; $900 million-a- year industry Major drawback: its expensive