Ecology Student Objectives: Relate abiotic and biotic factors to an ecosystem Know the levels of ecology- BBECPO Describe how energy flows through a food web and how much of it is lost Differentiate between a food web and a food chain Distinguish between types of ecological relationships Analyze human impacts on the environment

Introduction to Ecology Q.) What are some living and nonliving factors? How are they related?

What is an Ecosystem? An ecosystem = interacting groups of species and their physical environment Biotic- living- trees, birds, and tiger, grass Abiotic- nonliving- water, rocks, air temperature, soil composition, relative humidity

Levels of Organization Remember “BBECPO”- say it out loud!!! Organism  population  Community  Ecosystem  Biome  Biosphere

Energy in an Ecosystem ALL ENERGY COMES FROM THE SUN HOW IS IT CONVERTED TO USEFUL ENERGY? Answer =

Producers Autotrophs- make their own food via photosynthesis Grass, flowers, phytoplankton, algae

Consumers Heterotrphs – can’t make food on their own and depend on producers for energy Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

Food Chain vs. Food Web Food Chain = a single line that shows one place where organism gets energy Food Web = a branch that shows many examples of where organism gets energy

Food Web Video Clip chain-videos-playlist.htm chain-videos-playlist.htm

Energy in an Ecosystem Energy only goes through an ecosystem one time…

Law of Thermodynamics 1 st Law- Energy cannot be created or destroyed….only converted (sun to useful energy) 2 nd Law- When energy is converted some useful energy Is lost (not 100% efficient.) – As one organism eats another only some of the useful energy is transferred – Energy is lost through….respiration, growth and reproduction, defecation, and nonpredatory death (organisms that die but are not eaten by consumers)

Energy Flow

Energy Pyramid

Trophic Levels Trophic = eating level

How much energy is lost? As an organism lives- it uses energy to breathe, move, and reproduce Therefore, all of the energy they receive cannot be passed onto the next level Only about 10% of the energy actually makes it to the next level

Practice Problems

Ecological Interactions

Symbiosis Relationships between organisms Sym = together Bio = life Symbiosis  LIVING TOGETHER

Commensalism Commensalism – one organism benefits and the other is not harmed

Mutualism Both species benefit

Competition Both organisms compete for the same prey

Predation or parasitism One organism benefits while the other is harmed (or killed)

Symbiotic Interactions InteractionEffect on XEffect on Y Commensalism+0 Mutualism++ Parasitism or predation + - Competition --

HMWK: Complete on a separate sheet of paper and attach to notes Section 3-1 Homework: – Define species, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere (BBECPO) – List 3 abiotic and biotic factors at BHS Section 3-2 Homework – Compare and contrast food webs and food chains- use a double bubble diagram. – If an energy pyramid contains 200kCal at the producer level, how much energy is available at the secondary consumer level?